by Adriana ruiz
Immigration & Citizenship Guide
The new jure sanguinis limits are real — but for those who qualify, an Italian passport is as valuable as ever.
Updated: October 2026 | Reading time: 6 minutes
In this guide:
The 2025 Reform |
EU Freedom of Movement |
Global Passport |
Career & Business |
Healthcare |
Education |
Family Legacy |
FAQ
Italian citizenship has long been one of the most sought-after dual citizenship statuses in the world. For decades, millions of people of Italian ancestry reclaimed their heritage while securing the legal, economic, and lifestyle advantages that come with an Italian passport.
The 2025 reform changed who can still claim it — and that has many prospective applicants asking: is Italian citizenship still worth pursuing?
The short answer is yes. The eligibility pathways are narrower than they used to be, but the benefits of Italian citizenship — EU mobility, healthcare, career access, and a legacy for your children — are unchanged for those who qualify.
🏛️ The 2025 Reform: What Law 74/2025 Actually Changed
Generational limits: under Article 3-bis (added to Law 91/1992), automatic jure sanguinis recognition for people born abroad who hold another citizenship is now generally limited to those with a parent or grandparent who holds — or held at death — exclusively Italian citizenship. Claims through great-grandparents are no longer available through the standard route for new applicants.
Already-filed applications are protected: anyone who submitted an administrative or judicial application before March 27, 2025 proceeds under the previous unlimited-generation rules. Italy’s top courts have confirmed the reform cannot be applied retroactively, and the EU Court of Justice is still reviewing parts of it — so this framework may evolve.
Genuine link exception: the generational limit does not apply if a parent lived legally in Italy for at least two consecutive years before the child’s birth.
Minors: minor children can acquire citizenship through a formal parental declaration — within one year of birth (or recognition/adoption), or by declaration followed by two years of legal residence in Italy.
Reacquisition window: until December 31, 2027, former Italian citizens who lost citizenship under pre-1992 legislation can reacquire it by declaration, without meeting residency requirements.
Every family history is different — naturalization dates, military service, and birth years all matter. A professional legal assessment under current rules is essential before starting your dossier.
Italian citizenship makes you a citizen of the European Union. That grants the unconditional legal right to live, work, study, and retire in any of the 27 EU member states — France, Spain, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, and beyond — with no visa sponsorship, residence permit, or work authorization required. For anyone who has battled Italian or EU bureaucracy on a long-stay visa, this frictionless mobility is the single biggest quality-of-life upgrade.
The Italian passport consistently ranks in the global top tier of the Henley Passport Index, with visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to around 190 destinations. For business travel, family visits home, or international remote work, it removes visa paperwork that other passports still require.
EU citizens are far easier to hire: no sponsorship costs, no permits, no waiting. Entrepreneurs get direct access to the European Single Market, simpler business banking, and EU commercial frameworks — advantages that permanent residents and visa holders simply do not have.
Citizens who establish legal residence in Italy can register with the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale — SSN), with a dedicated family doctor, public hospital access, and heavily subsidized treatments. Compared to private health costs in countries like the US, this alone can be worth thousands of euros a year for a family.
Italian and EU citizens pay domestic tuition at European universities — a fraction of North American or UK fees. For children and grandchildren, that difference can mean tens of thousands of euros in savings over a degree.
Once recognized, citizenship is a permanent legal status passed to your children. Even with the 2025 generational limits, a parent who is an Italian citizen transmits it to children born after recognition — giving the next generation a lifelong bridge to Europe and to their heritage.
Italian citizenship is still absolutely worth it — the reform narrowed who qualifies, not what the passport is worth. If you have a parent or grandparent who held exclusively Italian citizenship, an application filed before March 27, 2025, or a parent who lived in Italy for two years before your birth, your route is still open. When you’re ready to act, see our full walkthrough on how to get Italian citizenship — and start with a documented eligibility review before assembling your dossier.
Is Italian citizenship still worth it after the 2025 reform?
Yes — for anyone who still qualifies. The reform restricted the descent route to closer generations, but the benefits of citizenship (EU mobility, healthcare, career access, education savings) are unchanged.
Who can still claim citizenship by descent (jure sanguinis)?
Generally, those with a parent or grandparent who holds — or held at death — exclusively Italian citizenship, those whose parent lived legally in Italy for at least two years before their birth, and anyone whose application was filed before March 27, 2025.
Does the new law affect applications already filed?
No. Italy’s Court of Cassation has confirmed the reform cannot be applied retroactively — applications filed or court cases deposited before March 27, 2025 proceed under the previous rules.
Can former Italian citizens get their citizenship back?
Yes. Under Law 74/2025, former citizens who lost Italian citizenship under pre-1992 legislation can reacquire it by formal declaration until December 31, 2027, without meeting residency requirements.
Where can I check my eligibility?
Start with the official citizenship pages on esteri.it, then request a professional assessment — lineage details like naturalization dates and military service determine which rules apply to you.

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