For non-EU citizens residing in Italy, having your family with you is a tangible goal. Italian law provides a framework for family reunification, allowing you to bring close relatives to live with you under specific conditions. This guide outlines the key requirements, procedures, and rights to help you navigate the process.

Who Can Apply for Family Reunification

You may apply for family reunification if you hold one of the following valid residence permits:

• Long-term EU residence permit

• Residence permit valid at least one year for: employed or self-employed work, international/subsidiary/humanitarian protection, studies, religious purposes, family purposes, or scientific research

You also need:

• Adequate income and accommodation to support the relatives you wish to bring.

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Which Family Members Qualify

You may request reunification with:

• Your legitimate adult spouse

• Unmarried minor children (your own or your spouse’s, with the other parent’s consent)

• Dependent adult children with serious health conditions

• Dependent parents who have no other children in their country of origin, or parents over 65 whose other children cannot support them due to serious and proven health reasons

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Steps in the Procedure

1. Authorisation for Family Reunification (Nulla Osta)

◦ Submit your application online (in Italian) to the Sportello Unico per l’Immigrazione at the Prefecture of your province of residence.

◦ The Immigration Desk checks your documents and issues the authorisation if requirements are met.

2. Visa Application by Your Family Member(s)

◦ Once authorisation is granted, your relatives apply for an entry visa at the Italian consulate or embassy in their country.

◦ The consulate verifies the family relationship.

3. Residence Permit in Italy

◦ Within 8 days of arrival, your family members must apply for a residence permit at the Sportello Unico per l’Immigrazione (One-Stop-Shop for Immigration) of the competent Prefecture.

◦ They must present their passport and travel documents.

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Minors on a Parent’s Permit

• Children under 14 can be included in your residence permit or that of your spouse.

• From age 14 to 18, they are granted a separate residence permit for family reasons, valid until age 18.

• At 18, they can renew their permit for the same duration as their parents’ or switch to another status (study, employment, etc.).

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Validity and Renewal

• The residence permit for family reunification has the same duration as your own residence permit.

• Renewal is granted if the entry requirements are still met.

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Rights of Family Members

With a residence permit for family reasons, your relatives can:

• Work in Italy (employment or self-employment)

• Access education and training

• Convert their status to long-term residence or another type of permit (study, work, etc.)

• After five years of legal, continuous residence, apply for long-term EU residence status (subject to proof of adequate resources, accommodation, and good conduct).

In cases of divorce, legal separation, or the sponsor’s death, the family reunification permit may be converted to a permit for work or study.

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Where to Get Help

The Sportello Unico per l’Immigrazione (Immigration Desk) in each Prefecture handles:

• Authorisations (nulla osta) for foreign workers and family reunification

• Conversions of residence permits (e.g. from study to work)

Applications must be submitted online via the Ministry of the Interior’s portal. The Immigration Desk will consider your actual family ties, your length of stay in Italy, and your links with your country of origin.

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How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Are you a non-EU citizen wishing to work as a self-employed worker in Italy? This guide explains the conditions you must meet, the procedures to follow, and the rights you can enjoy during your stay.

Conditions for Self-Employment

To legally engage in independent work in Italy, non-EU citizens must satisfy several conditions and obtain the necessary documents. The process operates under a quota system, which is fixed annually, so it is crucial to check for available quotas.

The key requirements include:

• Authorization for Self-Employed Work: This must be obtained before you enter Italy.

• Entry Visa: A specific visa for self-employment is required to enter the country.

• Residence Permit (Permesso di Soggiorno): You must apply for this within eight days of your arrival in Italy.

The Application Procedure

The application process is a multi-step journey that requires careful planning and the collection of a significant amount of documentation.

1. Authorization to Perform Independent Activities

The first step is to secure authorization from the competent administrative authority in Italy. The specific authority depends on the nature of your planned activity. For example, the Chamber of Commerce handles authorizations for companies, while a special permit from local health departments is necessary for opening a restaurant.

The One-Stop-Shop for Immigration (Sportello Unico per l’Immigrazione) and the Provincial Directorate of Labour will verify your eligibility, ensuring you meet the requirements and fall within the annual quota.

2. Visa Application

Once your self-employed activity has been authorized, you can apply for a visa at the Italian embassy or consulate in your country of origin or residence. This visa, which has a validity of six months from its issue date, is essential for your entry into Italy. The embassy or consulate will issue or deny the visa within 120 days of your application.

3. Residence Permit Application
Upon arriving in Italy, you have eight days to apply for a residence permit. This is done through a Post Office using a “postal kit” and is processed by the Local Immigration Police Headquarters (Questura).

Required Documents

To be authorized for work and to obtain your visa and residence permit, you will need to provide a comprehensive set of documents, including but not limited to:

• Proof of Adequate Financial Resources: You must demonstrate that you have sufficient funds to start and maintain your business or professional activity.

• Legal Requirements: You must meet the legal prerequisites for your specific profession, which may include registration with a professional association or trade register.

• No Impediments: A certification from the relevant authorities, dated no more than three months earlier, stating that there are no reasons to prevent the issuance of necessary authorizations.

• Accommodation: Evidence of suitable housing in Italy (e.g., a rental agreement or property deed).

• Annual Income: Proof of an annual income that exceeds the minimum required by law for exemption from health service payments. Alternatively, a guarantee from an Italian citizen or a legally staying foreigner may be accepted.

• Passport: A valid passport or travel document, with a photocopy of all pages.

Duration and Renewal of Permits

Authorizations for self-employed activities are typically granted for a maximum of two years. Residence permits are issued for the duration and purpose indicated on the visa.

Renewal of the residence permit is possible, provided you continue to meet the initial requirements. Renewal applications must be submitted at least 60 days before the permit’s expiration.

Understanding Your Rights

As a self-employed worker in Italy, you have specific rights that protect your work and stay.

• Change of Status: If you hold a residence permit for seasonal work, you can change it to a residence permit for employment if you have worked in seasonal employment for at least the two previous years and if quotas are available.

• Appeals: If your visa or residence permit application is denied, you have the right to challenge the decision before the Regional Administrative Tribunal within 60 days of the notification.

This information provides a foundational overview of the process. Given the complexity and annual variations in quotas, it is highly recommended to consult with the Italian embassy or consulate in your home country or seek professional legal advice to ensure all requirements are met.

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How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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September is shaping up to be a turbulent month for travelers in Italy, with more than 14 national strikes scheduled. Widespread protests are expected to cause significant disruption across trains, flights, and local public transport networks.

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Rail and Air Travel Disruption

Commuters and long-distance travelers on trains should be aware of a major nationwide strike from 9 PM on September 4 to 6 PM on September 5. This will impact all railway workers, including those in freight and local public transport. However, major rail companies like Trenitalia and Italo have confirmed they will operate long and medium-distance services during the strike.

For those planning to travel by plane, two key dates to mark are September 6 and September 26.

• September 6 will see a full day of strikes affecting multiple airlines and airport services. Workers for Easyjet, WizzAir, and Volotea will walk out, causing significant disruption at major airports like Rome, Milan, and Catania. The protest will also involve ground handlers, security, and other airport staff.

• September 26 brings another nationwide strike for the entire air and airport sector, with Volotea staff again participating in a full-day protest.

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Local and Other Strikes

Strikes will also hit local public transport. In addition to the national strikes on September 4 and 5, there are other protests scheduled for:

• September 8: Local strikes in Catania, Enna, Palermo, and Savona.

• September 15: Regional protests in Umbria, Pisa, and La Spezia.

Furthermore, freight transport on railways will stop from 4:01 PM on September 16 to 4:00 PM on September 17.

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As a resident in Italy, you may already be familiar with the dynamics of the local housing market and perhaps have contemplated purchasing property. However, there exists a lesser-known yet potentially advantageous avenue worth exploring: Aste Immobiliari, or judicial property auctions.

What Are Judicial Auctions?

Judicial auctions in Italy are public sales of assets, including real estate, ordered by a court. They happen when a debtor can’t pay their debts and their property is seized to be sold to satisfy the creditors. Unlike a traditional sale, this process is managed by the court, often with the help of specialized private entities known as Istituti Vendite Giudiziarie (IVG). These IVGs are authorized by the Ministry of Justice to handle the public sale and custody of the seized goods.

The goal is to turn the property into cash for the creditors. The entire process is strictly regulated to ensure transparency and fairness.

How Do They Work?

The sale of a property at auction is a key part of the enforcement process. The creditor first gets a court order to liquidate the debtor’s assets, meaning to turn them into money. Once the property is seized (or “pignorato”), a judge sets a hearing to authorize the sale. The actual sale is conducted through an auction.

There are two main types of auctions:

• Vendita senza incanto (Auction without a public outcry): This is the preferred method today. Prospective buyers submit their bids in sealed envelopes to the court registry. The envelope must include the proposed price and payment terms. These bids are opened on a specific day, and if multiple bids are close, a small public auction may follow.

• Vendita con incanto (Auction with a public outcry): In this older method, a live bidding war takes place. The judge sets a starting price, and bidders compete by raising the price in increments. This type is generally only used if the first type fails.

Italian law has been pushing for the first method, as it often streamlines the process. The court order specifies all the details, including the base price and the minimum bid increments.

Where to Find Auctions and What to Look For

Information about judicial sales is made public to attract potential buyers. Notices for auctions of valuable assets, like real estate, must be published. These notices are typically posted on the court’s official notice board for three consecutive days. More importantly, they are also published on dedicated websites, often at least 45 days before the auction date. The Ministry of Justice maintains a list of authorized Judicial Sales Institutes (Istituti Vendite Giudiziarie – IVG).

The notice will contain all the necessary information, including:

• A copy of the judge’s order

• The property’s estimated value report

• The date and time of the auction

• The minimum bid and deposit required

Before you bid, it’s crucial to review the property’s file, known as the relazione di stima (appraisal report), which is prepared by a court-appointed expert. It will detail the property’s condition, any legal issues, and the assessed value.

Why Expats Should Consider This

For expats, judicial auctions can be a fantastic way to find a property at a price below the market value. While the process can seem intimidating due to the legal jargon and the different procedures, it is a legitimate and secure way to buy. The entire process is overseen by the court, which provides a layer of security.

However, you must be prepared to act quickly and be aware of the specific rules. It’s often advisable to seek professional help from a lawyer or a specialized real estate agent who can guide you through the process and help you navigate the paperwork. They can also assist you with the necessary financial guarantees, like the deposit, and ensure your bid is correctly submitted.

Understanding aste immobiliari opens up another avenue for property ownership in Italy, offering a unique opportunity for those willing to do their homework and navigate the judicial system.

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Find and Buy Your Ideal Property in Italy with Our Professional Services

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If you live in Italy and need to send packages to the United States, there are new rules you should know about.

Starting August 29, 2025, all goods shipped from Italy to the U.S. will be subject to customs duties before arriving. Until now, parcels valued under $800 could be sent duty-free, but this exemption has been removed following a U.S. government decree approved on July 30.

What This Means for You

• From August 23, Poste Italiane (like other European postal services) will temporarily suspend shipments of parcels containing goods to the U.S. while adapting to the new regulations.

• Letters and documents that do not contain goods can still be sent without interruption.

• The service Poste Delivery International Express remains available, since it follows a different logistics process and includes customs support.

Why the Suspension?

The detailed technical guidelines from U.S. customs were only released on August 15, giving little time for postal services to adjust. Poste Italiane is working on solutions to allow both private individuals and businesses to continue shipping in compliance with the new rules.

What’s Next

Customers will be kept informed as soon as new shipping procedures are confirmed. In the meantime, if you need to send something to the U.S., consider using Poste Delivery International Express or wait until updated services are announced.

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Understanding the Italian Healthcare System: A 2025 Guide for Expats and Foreigners

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The Italian passport remains one of the most powerful in the world, ranking third in the 2025 Henley Passport Index. This prestigious position is shared with passports from Germany, France, Spain, Ireland, Finland, and Denmark, allowing holders to travel to 189 out of 227 destinations without a pre-approved visa. The index, widely regarded as a key benchmark for global mobility, is updated monthly and is the only one of its kind based on exclusive data from the International Air Transport Authority (IATA).

How the Henley Passport Index Is Calculated

The index assigns a score to each passport based on the number of destinations its holder can visit without requiring a visa in advance. A point is awarded for each country where travelers can either enter visa-free or obtain a visa on arrival, a visitor’s permit, or an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) without prior government approval. If a visa, or an e-Visa requiring pre-departure government approval, is needed, no points are awarded for that destination.

Global Rankings and Notable Shifts

While Italy holds a consistently high position, typically ranking in the top four, it’s worth noting the top contenders for 2025:

• First Place: Singapore, with access to 193 destinations.
• Second Place: Japan and South Korea, with 190 destinations each.
• Third Place: Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Ireland, Finland, and Denmark, all with 189 destinations.

In a surprising turn, the United States saw a significant drop from its seventh-place ranking in 2024 to tenth place this year, marking its lowest position in two decades. The UK is ranked sixth with 186 points, while Australia is in seventh place with 185 destinations. Unsurprisingly, the lowest-ranked passports belong to Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan, with access to 30, 27, and 25 destinations, respectively.

A passport’s power is largely a reflection of the trust other nations place in its citizens and the country’s diplomatic stability. High-ranking countries typically exhibit political stability, a low perception of migratory risk, and active participation in multilateral organizations.

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How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Rome is undergoing a significant transformation with the recent approval of a constitutional bill aimed at elevating its status and granting it greater autonomy. This historic reform, championed by Mayor Roberto Gualtieri, seeks to address the unique challenges of governing Italy’s capital. The proposed changes are designed to improve Rome’s ability to manage its own affairs, ultimately benefiting both the city and the entire country.

A Constitutional Shift for Rome

On August 1, 2025, the Council of Ministers approved a constitutional bill to modify Article 114 of the Italian Constitution. This change would formally recognize Rome as a “Capital City” among the Republic’s constituent entities, a status currently only granted to the state, regions, provinces, and municipalities. This legal and administrative shift is the first step toward a more effective and self-sufficient Rome.

The bill’s primary objective is to grant Rome special legislative powers over several key areas. These include local public transport, administrative policing, urban planning, commerce, cultural and environmental heritage, tourism, and social services. By allowing the city to legislate on these matters, the reform aims to provide Rome with the necessary tools to address its specific needs without having to rely solely on national legislation.

The Path to Financial and Administrative Autonomy

While the constitutional bill lays the groundwork, its success hinges on a parallel ordinary law that will define the city’s new administrative and financial structure. Mayor Gualtieri has stressed the importance of these two legislative efforts moving forward together. The ordinary law will be crucial for a number of reasons:

• Financial autonomy: It will grant Rome special financial autonomy, as per Article 119 of the Constitution. This means the city will have more control over its budget and revenue, allowing it to better fund essential services and infrastructure projects.

• Specific resources: The law will identify the necessary resources to support Rome’s new functions. This includes determining the appropriate funding levels to match the expanded responsibilities of the “Capital City” entity.

• Administrative decentralization: It will provide for new forms of administrative decentralization, making governance more efficient and responsive to the needs of different neighborhoods and districts.

Mayor Gualtieri believes this combination of constitutional and ordinary law reform is the only way to truly empower Rome. He has appealed for a bipartisan approach, arguing that this is a matter of national importance that transcends political divides. He emphasizes that this reform is not for any single administration but for the long-term benefit of the city and its residents. If all goes according to plan, the law is expected to take effect in 2027.

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How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Rome, July 31, 2025 – Italy’s Constitutional Court has confirmed that the current rules for obtaining Italian citizenship by descent (iure sanguinis) remain valid, rejecting attempts to limit automatic citizenship for descendants of Italians born abroad.

Under the existing law (Law 91/1992), anyone with an Italian mother or father is automatically an Italian citizen at birth. This rule applies even if the person was born abroad, lives abroad, and already has another nationality.

Why Was the Case Brought to Court?

Several courts in Bologna, Rome, Milan, and Florence questioned whether it makes sense to grant citizenship to people who:

• Were born and live outside of Italy,

• Hold another nationality, and

• Have little or no real connection to Italy.

The judges asked the Constitutional Court if the law should include limits or require stronger ties to Italy.

What the Court Decided

The Constitutional Court said:

• It is not the Court’s role to rewrite the law. Only the Italian Parliament can decide if stricter requirements should be introduced.

• Having an Italian parent is a valid reason to grant citizenship. The parent–child connection is enough under the current law.

• The current law is not unconstitutional. The Court rejected arguments that it violates Italian or EU legal principles.

The Court also did not apply the new rules introduced in 2025 (Law 74/2025), which put some limits on citizenship by descent, because the cases under review started before those changes.

What This Means for Applicants

For now, nothing changes for people applying for Italian citizenship through ancestry:

• If you can prove you are a descendant of an Italian citizen, you can still claim citizenship under the existing rules.

• New restrictions introduced in 2025 will only affect future cases.

Want help navigating the process? Reach out to legal@expatslivinginrome.com — we offer personalized support and relocation assistance, all tailored to your unique path to citizenship.

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How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Family reunification holds a significant place in Italian society, recognizing the importance of maintaining strong family ties. As families face separation due to migration, conflicts, or other circumstances, the legal process of family reunification becomes a crucial avenue to bring them back together. In this blog, we will explore the legal services available in Italy to facilitate family reunification, highlighting the rights, and procedures.

 

Understanding Family Reunification in Italy

In Italy, family reunification falls under the legal framework of immigration and is designed to reunite family members who are living separately due to migration. It allows certain categories of individuals, such as Italian citizens, foreign residents, and refugees, to bring their family members to join them in Italy. This process is regulated by Legislative Decree No. 286/1998 (Testo Unico sull’Immigrazione) and subsequent amendments, ensuring that the right to family life is respected in accordance with both national and international laws.

Rights and Eligibility Criteria

Italian law acknowledges the right to family reunification, understanding its significance in promoting social cohesion and personal well-being. The rights and eligibility criteria for family reunification vary based on the status of the individual residing in Italy. For example:

• Italian Citizens: Have the right to reunite with their immediate family members, including spouses, minor children, and dependent parents.

• Non-EU Foreign Residents: Can apply for family reunification if they hold a valid residence permit for at least one year and can demonstrate stable financial resources and suitable accommodation.

• Refugees and Asylum Seekers: Benefit from simplified procedures, as they are entitled to family reunification under international protection laws.

Legal Procedures and Documentation

Family reunification in Italy involves navigating through specific legal procedures and submitting the required documentation. The process typically includes:

1. Filing the Application: The sponsoring family member (residing in Italy) must submit an application for a family reunification visa (nulla osta al ricongiungimento familiare) through the online platform of the Ministry of the Interior (https://nullaostalavoro.dlci.interno.it).

2. Required Documentation:

• Proof of family relationship (e.g., marriage or birth certificates, translated and legalized).

• Evidence of financial stability (e.g., recent income statements, employment contracts, or tax returns).

• Proof of suitable accommodation (e.g., a rental contract or property ownership documents, along with a housing suitability certificate issued by the local municipality).

3. Approval of the Nulla Osta: Once the application is submitted and approved, the family member abroad can apply for a visa at the Italian consulate in their country of residence.

4. Residence Permit: Upon arrival in Italy, the reunited family member must apply for a residence permit (permesso di soggiorno per motivi familiari) at the local immigration office (Questura).

Updates and Recent Changes

Recent updates to immigration laws in Italy have aimed to simplify the family reunification process for specific groups, such as refugees and individuals in highly skilled professions. Additionally, there has been an emphasis on digitizing the process to reduce delays. However, applicants should remain vigilant about regional differences in requirements and processing times, as local authorities may interpret regulations differently.

Legal Services for Family Reunification

Navigating the complexities of family reunification can be challenging, but that’s where we come in. At Expats Living in Rome, we understand the emotional and logistical difficulties families face when separated by borders. With years of experience supporting the expat community in Italy, we specialize in providing tailored legal services to make family reunification a smoother process.

We offer:

• Personalized Guidance: We help you understand your rights and the specific legal obligations involved in the reunification process. Our team will walk you through every step, ensuring you’re fully informed and prepared.

• Comprehensive Support: From gathering the necessary documentation to meeting financial and housing requirements, we’re here to simplify the process and ensure compliance with Italian law.

• Streamlined Communication: Acting as intermediaries between you and the authorities, we help reduce misunderstandings, minimize delays, and keep the process on track.

If you’re considering family reunification in Italy, don’t hesitate to reach out to us at legal@expatslivinginrome.com

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A major shift is coming to air travel in Italy and Europe: the long-standing 100 ml liquid limit for carry-on luggage is being lifted—but only at airports equipped with next-generation 3D security scanners.

The European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) has officially approved the use of Smiths Detection’s advanced 3D CT scanners (HI-SCAN 6040 CTiX), which are capable of identifying explosives in liquids and gels. This means travelers can now bring up to 2 liters of liquids, aerosols, and gels (LAGs) in their cabin bags without removing them for security checks. The new rule applies to items such as perfumes, wines, spirits, olive oil, creams, and gels, as well as electronic devices like laptops and tablets, which no longer need to be taken out during screening.

Which Italian Airports Are Affected?

The six Italian airports that currently meet the technical requirements to adopt the updated regulation are:

• Rome Fiumicino

• Milan Linate

• Milan Malpensa

• Bologna

• Turin

• Milan Bergamo (starting November 28, 2025)

These airports have implemented next-generation security scanners capable of analyzing the contents of hand luggage—including liquids—without requiring travelers to remove items at checkpoints.

From November 28, 2025, Milan Bergamo Airport will also adopt the new rule, coinciding with the launch of its new passenger terminal security area, currently under construction.

Key Takeaways for Travelers

• Passengers flying from equipped airports can carry up to 2 liters of liquids, aerosols, and gels in hand luggage.

• No need to remove liquids or electronic devices from carry-ons during screening.

• At airports without next-generation scanners, the old 100 ml per container rule remains in place, with liquids stored in a 1-liter resealable bag.

• Medical liquids, baby food, and dietary liquids continue to be allowed with special screening.

This change marks one of the most significant improvements to air travel convenience in over a decade, reducing long queues and giving passengers the freedom to bring their favorite local products onboard.

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How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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If you’re considering relocating to Italy, there are several pathways to obtaining residency, depending on your circumstances and goals. Below is a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the process.

Step 1: Determine Your Pathway to Residency

The first step in moving to Italy is identifying the most suitable visa or permit for your situation. Here are some common options:

∙ Student Visa: If you plan to study in Italy, this is a straightforward option. A student visa allows you to stay in Italy for the duration of your studies. Contact us if you wish to obtain a student visa through Italian language courses.

∙ Investment Visa: For those with financial resources, the investment visa provides a pathway to residency through significant economic investment in Italy. Find detailed information on Italy’s Investor Visa.

∙ Elective Residency Visa: Ideal for retirees or those with independent income, this visa allows you to reside in Italy without the need to work. Explore the elective residency visa (ERV) here.

∙ Switching from Student Permit to Self-Employed Permit: If you’re already in Italy on a student visa, you can transition to a self-employed permit. Discover the steps to make this switch.

∙ Digital Nomad Visa: Italy has introduced a residence permit for non-EU digital nomads, allowing highly skilled remote workers to live and work in Italy. Click here to learn more.

∙ Jure Sanguinis (Citizenship by Descent): If you have Italian ancestry, you may be eligible for citizenship through jure sanguinis, one of the most direct paths to becoming an Italian citizen. Learn about the process here.

∙ Residency for Unmarried Partners: If your partner is an EU citizen, you may qualify for residency, allowing you to live and work in Italy. Get the details on this process here.

∙ Work Visa: A work visa allows a non-EU citizen to legally reside and work in Italy. General requirements include a valid job offer from an Italian employer and a work permit obtained by the employer. Specific requirements and procedures can vary based on your nationality and the type of work visa you’re applying for.

Step 2: Gather the Necessary Documentation

Once you’ve chosen your pathway, the next step is to gather the required documentation. While the specific documents vary depending on the visa or permit, here’s a general list of what you might need:

∙ Valid Passport: Ensure your passport is up to date and has at least six months of validity.

∙ Visa Application Form: Complete the relevant application form for your visa type.

∙ Proof of Financial Means: Provide documentation proving you can support yourself financially in Italy.

∙ Health Insurance: Show proof of comprehensive health insurance coverage.

∙ Accommodation Details: Provide documentation showing where you will reside in Italy (e.g., lease agreement, property ownership).

∙ Criminal Background Check: Submit a police clearance certificate from your home country.

∙ Additional Documents: Depending on your visa type, you may need to provide specific documents such as enrollment confirmation for a student visa, proof of investment for an investment visa, or language proficiency certificates.

 

Step 3: Submit Your Visa Application

With your documents in hand, submit your visa application to the Italian consulate or embassy in your home country. Make sure to:

∙ Schedule an appointment well in advance.

∙ Pay the applicable visa fee.

∙ Attend the appointment with all required documents.

∙ Check the specific requirements and processing times for your visa type to avoid any delays.

Step 4: Relocate to Italy

Once your visa is approved, it’s time to make the move. Book your travel, secure accommodation, and plan the logistics of moving your belongings. If you have pets, ensure they meet the requirements to enter Italy.

 

Step 5: Apply for a Permesso di Soggiorno

Upon arrival in Italy, you’ll need to follow these procedures:

∙ Obtain a Codice Fiscale: This is your Italian tax code, necessary for various administrative tasks. Find out how to obtain your codice fiscale and where to get it depending on your type of residency permit.

∙ Register with the Comune: This involves registering your residence with the local city hall (Comune).

∙ Apply for a Permesso di Soggiorno: You must apply for a Permesso di Soggiorno (residence permit) within eight days of arriving in Italy. This permit is essential for legally staying in Italy long-term. The application process varies depending on your visa type and reason for staying.

Note: The specific requirements and timelines for Step 5 may vary depending on your individual circumstances. It’s advisable to consult with local immigration authorities or a legal professional for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Step 6: Enjoy Your New Life in Italy!

With all the formalities completed, you can now immerse yourself in the Italian lifestyle. Whether you’re here to study, work, or retire, Italy offers a wealth of opportunities to enjoy la dolce vita. Read our blog about how to make friends in Italy.

For assistance, please contact us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

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Effective immediately, passengers boarding domestic and Schengen-area flights from Italian airports will no longer be required to present a physical identity document at the gate. Instead, the boarding pass alone will suffice, as announced by ENAC (Italy’s Civil Aviation Authority) following approval from the Ministry of the Interior.

The initiative is part of a broader effort to streamline airport procedures and reduce boarding time for travelers within the European Union’s free-movement zone. ENAC estimates that this measure could affect over 51 million passengers annually and reduce boarding checks by 50%, significantly cutting wait times.

However, identification will still be required for all flights outside the Schengen Area.

Identification Must Still Be Carried

Although the document check at boarding has been waived for Schengen flights, travelers are still required to carry valid identification, as it may be requested at any point during the journey. Security procedures at Italian airports remain unchanged, and the decision applies only to identity checks at boarding gates.

How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

Trenitalia has announced a new summer initiative allowing dogs of all sizes to travel free of charge on its Frecciarossa, Frecciargento, Frecciabianca, Intercity, and Intercity Notte trains until September 15. This promotion is designed to facilitate travel with pets on medium- and long-distance routes.

Terms of the Promotion

The “Cani Gratis” (Dogs Travel Free) offer permits passengers to bring their dogs on board without the need for a carrier, provided the animal is kept on a leash and wears a muzzle. To benefit from the promotion, travelers must select the “Travel with your dog” service during the ticket booking process. The option is available through all Trenitalia sales channels, including the website, app, and authorized ticket offices.

Small dogs that fit comfortably in a pet carrier with maximum dimensions of 70x30x50 cm are always allowed to travel free of charge.

Conditions for Regional Trains

On regional trains, larger dogs are permitted on board only with the purchase of a dedicated ticket, which is priced at 50% of a standard second-class fare. An exception is made for assistance dogs, which may travel free of charge on all Trenitalia services.

Required Documentation

Passengers traveling with dogs must carry:

• A valid canine registration certificate

• A health booklet or, for non-Italian residents, a pet passport

These documents must be presented upon request by train personnel. Assistance dogs are exempt from these documentation requirements but must be accompanied by a training certificate issued by a certified organization. Guide dogs accompanying passengers with visual impairments are not subject to any documentation requirements.

Assistance dogs are permitted free of charge on all categories of trains and service levels, including restaurant and bar coaches, FrecciaLink connections, and replacement bus services.

 

 

Securing a rental property in Italy requires knowledge of local practices and fluency in Italian—two things that can be challenging for expats. With our specialized rental assistance services, you can rely on our expertise to help you find and secure your ideal home in Rome or Turin with ease.

How We Can Help You Rent Properties in Italy

We offer a comprehensive, step-by-step support service to ensure you find a property that meets your needs and budget, all while simplifying the rental process. Here’s how we work:

1. Creating a Custom Property List Based on Your Requirements

We begin by gathering all your specific parameters, such as location preferences, size, amenities, and your budget (minimum monthly rent starting from €2,000). We then curate a list of available properties that best match your criteria.

2. Setting Up Property Search Platforms for You

We set up personalized property searches on Italy’s leading real estate websites, including:

Feel free to begin your search using these trusted platforms:

• Immobiliare.it – Extensive listings across Rome
• Idealista.it – Popular and user-friendly
• Casa.it – Well-organized and reliable
• Subito.it – Direct-from-owner listings (use caution)
• Casadaprivato.it – Private owner rentals

Together, we can review and refine the list to select the most promising options.

3. Contacting Real Estate Agencies

We reach out to the listing agents to gather crucial details about each property, such as:

• Terms and conditions
• Landlord requirements
• Deposit expectations
• Contract information

4. Scheduling Property Viewings

Once we’ve collected all necessary information, we’ll arrange appointments for property visits based on your availability.

5. Proposal Assistance

When you’re ready to proceed with a rental, we assist you with drafting a rental proposal in Italian. We also guide you through the payment process, including:

• Security deposit
• Monthly rent
• Agency commission fee

6. Contract Review & Registration

We review your rental contract to ensure everything is correct and in line with Italian regulations. We also handle the registration of your contract with the Agenzia delle Entrate (Italian Revenue Agency).

7. Understanding Contract Types

We help you choose and understand the type of rental agreement that best suits your situation:

• Transitory Contract (maximum 18 months)
• Standard Contract (3+2 years)
• Long-term Contract (4+4 years)

Service Availability

Our rental assistance services are currently available throughout Italy.

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Ready to Find Your New Home in Rome?

Our Apartment Search Assistance Process

Step 1: Initial Support — €500 (Non-Refundable)
This includes personalized support such as making calls, arranging bookings, and scheduling apartment viewings.

Step 2: Securing Your Rental
Once we successfully secure a rental on your behalf, we request a fee equivalent to one month’s rent, with the initial €500 deducted from the monthly rent.

If this arrangement works for you, please:

1. Fill out the [Housing Requirements Form]
2. Begin browsing listings online and send us any links you’re interested in — we’ll take it from there and reach out on your behalf.

We tailor our services to your specific needs and can provide a quote based on your situation.

For more information or to get started, reach out to us today at info@expatslivinginrome.com

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Italy is set to open its doors to nearly half a million non-EU workers over the next three years, following a preliminary approval by the Council of Ministers on June 30, 2025. The new immigration plan, outlined in a draft decree by the President of the Council of Ministers (DPCM), sets the framework for legal entry of foreign workers into Italy under the so-called Decreto Flussi program for the 2026–2028 period.

A Strategic Move to Fill Labor Shortages

The government aims to authorize 497,550 legal entries of non-EU workers to support sectors facing critical labor shortages. The measure is designed to provide much-needed manpower to Italy’s economic and production system, particularly in roles that cannot be filled by the local workforce.

The plan also serves broader goals: establishing a stable, controlled legal immigration channel to strengthen cooperation with migrants’ countries of origin, and combating irregular immigration, labor exploitation, and undeclared work.

Breakdown of Work Visa Quotas

The program envisions the following yearly and categorical allocations:

• 2026: 164,850 authorized entries

• Total 2026–2028: 497,550 entries, including:

• 230,550 for non-seasonal and self-employed work

• 267,000 for seasonal work, primarily in agriculture and tourism

These numbers were determined based on input from labor unions, industry groups, and the volume of job authorization requests in previous years. The goal is to match visa allocations to real labor market demands and to provide businesses with a more reliable and realistic planning framework.

Moving Beyond the “Click Day”

One key innovation in the proposed decree is the intention to gradually phase out the much-criticized click day system, in which thousands of employers must compete for a limited number of permits during a brief online application window.

Instead, the government plans to encourage off-quota entries, especially for high-demand professions, and to strengthen training programs in migrants’ countries of origin, ensuring that incoming workers are well-prepared and meet employers’ needs from day one.

This new vision represents a shift toward a more flexible and forward-thinking immigration policy—one that balances the needs of the Italian economy with the realities of migration flows and labor mobility.

Source: Council of Ministers, Italy – June 30, 2025

How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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This article offers a comprehensive overview of Italian citizenship, outlining the various pathways to its acquisition, conditions for its loss, and provisions for its reacquisition. Rooted in Law no. 91 of February 5, 1992, Italian citizenship law emphasizes individual intent and acknowledges the right to hold multiple citizenships. The foundational principles include the transmissibility of citizenship by descent (ius sanguinis), acquisition by birth on Italian territory (ius soli) in specific residual cases, and the explicit expression of intention for both acquisition and loss of citizenship. We will delve into the intricacies of these provisions, including recent amendments introduced by Decree-Law no. 36 of March 28, 2025, converted by Law no. 74 of May 23, 2025, which impact automatic acquisition for those born abroad holding other citizenships.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Italian Citizenship: A Brief Introduction

2. Acquisition of Citizenship

2.1. Citizenship by Descent According to the Principle of Ius Sanguinis;
2.2. Attribution of Citizenship Following Recognition, Adoption, Judicial Declaration of Filiation of a Child Under the Age of 18 or Cohabitation with the Parent Who Becomes a Naturalized Italian Citizen
2.3. Election of Citizenship Following the Recognition of Filiation at the Age of Majority
2.4. Evaluation of Applications Pursuant to Decree-Law No. 36 of March 28, 2025, Converted by Law No. 74 of May 23, 2025
2.5. Citizenship Provided by Law
2.6. Granting of Citizenship (Including Service in the Employ of the State)
2.7. Citizenship by Marriage and Civil Union
2.8. Attribution of Citizenship Ius Soli as a Residual and Supplementary Criterion

3. Loss of Citizenship

4. Renunciation of Citizenship

5. Reacquisition of Citizenship

6.Declaration of Uninterrupted Possession of Italian Citizenship for Women Married to Foreign Citizens Since January 1, 1948

7. Recognition of Citizenship Pursuant to Law No. 379/2000 and Law No. 124/2006

8. Administrative Simplification and Costs

1. Italian Citizenship: A Brief Introduction

Italian citizenship is governed by Law no. 91 of February 5, 1992 (and related implementing regulations: in particular Presidential Decree no. 572 of October 12, 1993, and Presidential Decree no. 362 of April 18, 1994) which, unlike previous legislation, places greater emphasis on individual intention in the acquisition and loss of citizenship and recognizes the right to hold multiple citizenships simultaneously.

The principles underpinning Italian citizenship are:

• the transmissibility of citizenship by descent (the principle of “ius sanguinis”);

• the acquisition of citizenship “ius soli” (by birth on the territory) in some residual cases;

• the possibility of multiple citizenship;

• the expression of intention for acquisition and loss of citizenship.

Since August 16, 1992 (the date Law no. 91/92 came into force), the acquisition of foreign citizenship does not result in the loss of Italian citizenship unless the Italian citizen formally renounces it (Art. 11 of Law no. 91/92), except where otherwise provided by international agreements.

2. Acquisition of Citizenship

Italian citizenship can be acquired according to the methods outlined below. With the introduction of Decree-Law no. 36 of March 28, 2025, converted with amendments by Law no. 74 of May 23, 2025, the automatic acquisition of citizenship referred to in points 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 for those born abroad holding another citizenship is subject to the existence of one of the exceptions set out in Art. 3-bis of Law no. 91 of February 5, 1992. For further information, please refer here.

2.1 Citizenship by Descent Under the Principle of Ius Sanguinis

Art. 1 of Law no. 91/92 establishes that a child born to an Italian father or mother is an Italian citizen by birth. This confirms the principle of ius sanguinis, already present in the previous legislation, as the fundamental principle for the acquisition of citizenship, while ius soli remains an exceptional and residual case.

By explicitly declaring that citizenship can also be transmitted by the mother, the article fully incorporates the principle of gender equality in the transmission of status civitatis.

Regarding the procedures for the recognition of Italian citizenship through iure sanguinis, these have been formally outlined in circular no. K.28.1 of April 8, 1991, issued by the Ministry of the Interior.

The competent authority for the verification process is determined based on the applicant’s place of residence: for those residing abroad, the responsibility lies with the territorially competent Consular Office.

The procedure for recognition includes the following steps:

• verification that the line of descent originates from an Italian ancestor (“avo dante causa”), in accordance with the provisions of the aforementioned Circular K.28.1;

• confirmation that the Italian ancestor retained Italian citizenship until the birth of the next person in the line of descent. The absence of naturalization or the date of any naturalization of the ancestor must be certified by the competent foreign authority;

• proof of descent from the Italian ancestor through civil status records of birth and marriage. These documents must comply with legalization requirements, where applicable, and must be accompanied by official translations. It should be noted that transmission of Italian citizenship through the maternal line is only recognized for children born on or after January 1, 1948, the date on which the Italian Constitution entered into force;

• certification that neither the applicant nor any of the direct ancestors ever formally renounced Italian citizenship, thereby interrupting the line of transmission. Such certification must be issued by the competent Italian diplomatic or consular authorities.

The applicant is responsible for submitting the application accompanied by all required documentation, complete and duly legalized, in order to demonstrate compliance with the conditions outlined above.

2.2 Attribution of Citizenship Following Recognition, Adoption, Judicial Declaration of Filiation of a Child Under the Age of 18 or Cohabitation with the Parent Who Becomes a Naturalized Italian Citizen

Law no. 91/92 devotes particular attention to the acquisition of citizenship of a minor in the following cases:

a) recognition or judicial declaration of filiation;
b) adoption;
c) naturalization of a parent.

a) Citizenship by recognition or judicial declaration of filiation

A minor is recognized as an Italian citizen if he or she is acknowledged as the child of an Italian citizen by a judge, or if filiation is judicially established in relation to an Italian citizen (Art. 2, paragraph 1 of Law no. 91/92).

b) Attribution of citizenship Following Adoption of a Child Under the Age of 18

A foreign minor adopted by an Italian citizen acquires Italian citizenship through a ruling issued by the Italian Judicial Authority. In the case of an adoption abroad, citizenship is acquired following a ruling by the competent foreign authority which has been made effective in Italy through an order of transcription in the civil registers issued by the Juvenile Court.

If the adoptee is of legal age, he or she may acquire Italian citizenship by naturalization after 5 years of legal residence in Italy following the adoption.

c) Attribution of Citizenship to Minors as a Result of Parental Naturalization

According to Art. 14 of Law no. 91/92, “Minor children of those who acquire or reacquire Italian citizenship shall themselves acquire Italian citizenship, provided they are cohabiting with the parent. Upon reaching the age of majority, they may renounce citizenship, provided they hold another citizenship. This provision shall apply if, at the time of acquisition or reacquisition of citizenship by the parent, the minor has legally resided in Italy for at least two continuous years or, if under the age of two, since birth.”

Citizenship is acquired on condition of the cohabitation of the minor, under Italian law, provided that the minor has been legally residing in Italy at least two continuous years at the time of the parent’s acquisition or reacquisition of citizenship (or since birth if under two years of age). This requirement was introduced by Legislative Decree no. 36 of March 28, 2025, as converted by Law no. 74 of May 23, 2025.

Art. 12 of Presidential Decree no. 572/93 further specifies that cohabitation must be stable and effective, supported by appropriate documentation, and must also exist at the moment the parent acquires or reacquires Italian citizenship.

2.3 Election of Citizenship Following Recognition of Filiation at the Age of Majority

In cases where recognition or judicial declaration of filiation involves a person of legal age, that individual may acquire Italian citizenship only if, within one year of the relevant decision, he or she expresses his or her intention to do so, through an “election of citizenship” (Art. 2, paragraph 2 of Law no. 91/92). Pursuant to Art. 3 of Presidential Decree no. 572 of October 12, 1993 (Implementing Regulation of Law no. 91/92), the declaration of election of citizenship under Art. 2, paragraph 2 of the aforementioned law must be accompanied by the following documents, which constitute the necessary prerequisites for requesting this benefit:

• birth certificate (for the exact identification of the applicant);

• act of recognition or an authenticated copy of the sentence declaring paternity or maternity;

• certificate of citizenship of the Italian parent.

It should be noted that the judicial declaration of recognition may have been issued abroad: in such cases, the one-year period within which the declaration of election of citizenship must be made shall be calculated from the date on which the foreign decision becomes effective in Italy.

2.4 Evaluation of Applications Pursuant to Decree-Law No. 36 of March 28, 2025, Converted by Law No. 74 of May 23, 2025

Applications submitted following the entry into force of Decree-Law no. 36 of March 28, 2025, converted, with amendments, by Law no. 74 of May 23, 2025, are subject to the fulfillment of specific conditions for the acquisition of Italian citizenship. The amended legal text may be consulted at the following link.

In particular, applicants born abroad and holding another citizenship shall not be deemed to have automatically acquired Italian citizenship, unless:

• An ancestor in the first or second degree (i.e., a parent or grandparent) held – or had held at the time of death – exclusively Italian citizenship;

• A parent or adoptive parent was resident in Italy for at least two continuous years after acquiring Italian citizenship and before the date of the applicant’s birth (or adoption).

To demonstrate that one of the above conditions is met, the applicant must submit appropriate supporting documentation:

By way of example, to prove exclusive possession of Italian citizenship the following may be submitted:

• negative certificates of citizenship;

• certificates of renunciation of foreign citizenship;

• certificates of non-enrollment in foreign electoral registers;

To demonstrate legal residence in Italy for at least two continuous years, the following may be provided:

• Historical certificate of residence;

It is emphasized that mere personal declarations are not sufficient.

2.5 Citizenship Provided by Law (Art. 4)

This provision, governed by Art. 4 of Law no. 91/92, generally applies only within Italian territory. For the relevant regulations, reference should therefore be made to the Ministry of the Interior.

At this stage, it is worth highlighting the sole provision allowing children of a parent who is an Italian citizen by birth to acquire Italian citizenship if the parents (or guardian) declare such intention. If the declaration is submitted within one year from the birth of the minor (or from a later date on which filiation – including adoptive filiation – is established), the minor may acquire Italian citizenship even while continuing to reside abroad. However, if more than one year has elapsed since birth, in order for the declaration to take effect, the minor must legally reside in Italy for at least two continuous years.

Should the individual later wish to renounce citizenship upon reaching the age of majority, this is permitted provided he or she holds another citizenship.

Declarations may also be submitted, by 11:59 p.m. (Rome time) on May 31, 2026, in favor of minors as of May 24, 2025, children of ius sanguinis citizens referred to in letters a), a-bis) and b) of Article 3-bis, paragraph 1 of Law no. 91 of February 5, 1992.

To acquire Italian citizenship pursuant to Art. 4, a contribution of EUR 250 is required in favor of the Ministry of the Interior.

2.6 Granting of Citizenship Pursuant to Art. 9 (Including Service in the Employ of the State)

Art. 9 of Law 91/1992 provides for the granting of Italian citizenship by Decree of the President of the Republic, establishing differentiated procedures depending on the specific qualifications of the applicants and varying the period of legal residence required to legitimize the submission of the relevant application.

Ordinarily, a legal residence in the territory of the State for at least 10 years is required for non-EU foreign nationals (Art. 9, letter f). However, no residence requirement is established for foreign nationals who have served the Italian State, including abroad, for at least five years (Art. 9, letter c).

Since these cases apply only within Italian territory, reference is made to the Ministry of the Interior for the relevant regulations.

Paragraph 2 of Art. 9 stipulates that Italian citizenship may be granted by Decree of the President of the Republic, after consulting the Council of State and following a resolution of the Council of Ministers, upon proposal of the Minister of the Interior in agreement with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, to foreign nationals who have rendered distinguished services to Italy or where there is an exceptional interest of the State.

The initiation of the procedure does not require any impetus from the interested party but requires a proposal from public entities, personalities, or associations that can demonstrate a widespread assessment regarding the fulfillment of the legal requirements by the potential recipient.

The procedure involves obtaining opinions from security bodies and, for residents in Italy, from the Prefecture of the place of residence.

It is, however, necessary to obtain the consent declaration of the interested party to acquire citizenship.

Even in this case of acquisition, the Presidential Decree granting Italian citizenship does not take effect if the interested party, if residing abroad, does not take the oath of allegiance to the Republic before the competent Consular Office as required by Art. 10 of the law.

The acquisition of our status civitatis shall take effect from the day following the oath.

2.7 Citizenship by Marriage and Civil Union

The acquisition of citizenship by the foreign or stateless spouse of an Italian citizen is governed by Arts. 5, 6, 7, and 8 of Law no. 91/92 and subsequent amendments.

The foreign spouse may acquire Italian citizenship upon application, provided the following requirements are met:

• in Italy: two years of legal residence after the marriage/civil union or from the date of acquisition of Italian citizenship by naturalization by the spouse; abroad: three years after the marriage/civil union or from the date of acquisition of Italian citizenship by naturalization by the spouse. These periods are halved if the couple has children born or adopted;

• validity of the marriage/civil union according to Italian law and transcription of the marriage/civil union certificate at the competent Italian municipality, as well as the continuation of the marital bond until the adoption of the decree;

• absence of criminal convictions for offenses punishable by a maximum sentence of at least three years’ imprisonment or convictions by a foreign judicial authority to a sentence exceeding one year for non-political offenses, where the conviction has been transcribed in Italy;

• absence of convictions for any offenses provided under Book Two, Title I, Chapters I, II, and III of the Italian Criminal Code (offenses against the State);

• absence of impediments related to the security of the Republic;

• certified knowledge of the Italian language at a level not lower than B1 of the “Common European Framework of Reference for Languages” (rule applicable to applications submitted from December 4, 2018, onwards).

Applicants residing abroad must submit the citizenship acquisition application electronically following the procedure established by the competent Ministry of the Interior.

Applicants must register on the dedicated portal at the following URL: https://www.interno.gov.it/servizi/servizi-line. Once logged in, they will have access to the online procedure for submitting their application for citizenship.

To facilitate the identification of the territorially competent diplomatic-consular representation to receive the application, the above internet address contains a link allowing users – after selecting the country of residence – to choose, via a drop-down menu, the competent representation from a list covering the entire diplomatic-consular network of the selected country.

Applicants must complete all the required fields in the form and upload the following mandatory documents as indicated by the Ministry of the Interior for the citizenship application (please note that EU Regulation no. 2016/1191, effective from February 16, 2019, exempts documents from legalization provided that public documents are issued to an EU citizen by authorities of his or her Member State of citizenship):

• birth certificate from the country of origin (in compliance with the legalization/apostille and translation requirements under current legislation) including full personal details, or, in cases of documented impossibility, a certificate issued by the diplomatic-consular authority of the country of origin specifying the exact personal details (name, surname, date, and place of birth), as well as the applicant’s parentage.

• criminal record certificate from the country of origin, and from any third countries of residence and countries of citizenship held (in compliance with the legalization/apostille and translation requirements under current legislation).

• receipt of payment of the EUR 250 fee.

• identity document: photocopy of a valid passport (pages showing personal data, photograph, dates of issue and expiry) or valid identity card.

• certificate of knowledge of the Italian language proficiency not lower than B1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) or a qualification issued by a public or recognized private educational institution accredited by the Ministry of Education, University and Research and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

Only the following entities’ certifications are accepted: University for Foreigners of Siena (CILS), University for Foreigners of Perugia (CELI), Roma Tre University (Cert.It), University for Foreigners “Dante Alighieri” of Reggio Calabria (Ce.Co.L.), and the Dante Alighieri Society (PLIDA).

The following are exempt from submitting the Italian language proficiency certificate:

• Foreign nationals (including those residing abroad) who have signed the integration agreement pursuant to Art. 4 bis of Legislative Decree no. 286/1998 (Consolidated Immigration Act);

• Holders of the EU (or EC) long-term residence permit pursuant to Art. 9 of the same Consolidated Act;

• Those who have obtained an educational qualification issued by a public or recognized private institution accredited by the Ministry of Education, University and Research and/or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

• Furthermore, applicants with “severe limitations in language learning ability due to age, illness or disability, certified by a public health authority,” as per Constitutional Court Ruling no. 25/2025, are exempt from presenting the Italian language certificate.

After submitting the online application, the applicant will be summoned by the diplomatic-consular representation that received the application for identification and the other necessary formalities to finalize the application, including submission in original of documents attached to the online application and any other documents useful for processing the application. It should be noted that the marriage certificate extract, the certificate of family status, and the certificate of Italian citizenship of the spouse are replaced, if the applicant is an EU citizen, by a self-certification pursuant to Presidential Decree no. 445/2000 and most recently by Law no. 183/2011.

Applicants who are citizens of a non-EU country may be exempted from submitting the marriage/civil union certificate extract, the certificate of family status, and the certificate of Italian citizenship of the spouse, only if these documents are already held by the diplomatic-consular representation.

According to Art. 4, paragraph 5 of Presidential Decree no. 572/93, the Ministry of the Interior may request additional documents depending on the case.

Please note that, pursuant to the Ministerial Directive of March 7, 2012, from June 1, 2012, the authority to issue citizenship concession decrees is as follows:

• the Prefect for applications submitted by foreign nationals legally residing in Italy;

• the Head of the Department for Civil Liberties and Immigration, if the foreign spouse resides abroad;

• the Minister of the Interior in cases involving reasons related to the security of the Republic.

For clarity and convenience, it is recommended to consult the website of the competent diplomatic-consular representation according to residence.

2.8 Attribution of Citizenship Ius Soli as a Residual and Supplementary Criterion

Italian citizenship is granted:

• to individuals whose parents are unknown, stateless, or are unable to transmit their citizenship to the child according to the legislation of their country of origin (Art. 1, paragraph 1, letter b of Law no. 91/92);

• to a child of unknown parentage found abandoned on Italian territory and whose citizenship cannot be determined (Art. 1, paragraph 2 of Law no. 91/92).

3. Loss of Citizenship

Italian citizenship may be lost either automatically or through formal renunciation.

Citizenship is lost automatically in the following cases:

• an Italian citizen who voluntarily enlists in the armed forces of a foreign State or accepts a public office from a foreign State, despite being expressly prohibited from doing so by the Italian Government (Art. 12, paragraph 1 of Law no. 91/92);

• an Italian citizen who, during a state of war with a foreign State, has served in its armed forces, held public office, or acquired its citizenship (Art. 12, paragraph 2 of Law no. 91/92);

• a person who has acquired Italian citizenship by adoption, in the event of revocation of the adoption due to reasons attributable to them, provided that he or she holds or acquires another citizenship (Art. 3, paragraph 3 of Law no. 91/92).

4. Renunciation of Citizenship

Italian citizenship may be lost if it is formally renounced by:

• an adoptee who is of legal age, following revocation of the adoption for reasons attributable to the adopter, provided that he or she holds or reacquires another citizenship (Art. 3, paragraph 4 of Law no. 91/92);

• an Italian citizen, who resides, or establishes their residence abroad and who possesses, acquires, or reacquires another citizenship (Art. 11 of Law no. 91/92);

• an adult who acquired Italian citizenship as a minor following the acquisition or reacquisition of citizenship by one of the parents, provided that he or she holds another citizenship (Art. 14 of Law no. 91/92).

The declaration of renunciation of citizenship must be submitted, in the case of residence abroad, to the competent Consular Office. It must be accompanied by the following documentation:

• birth certificate issued by the relevant Italian municipality;

• certificate of Italian citizenship;

• documentation proving possession of foreign citizenship;

• documentation relating to residence abroad, if required.

A minor does NOT lose Italian citizenship if one or both parents lose it or reacquire foreign citizenship.

5. Reacquisition of Citizenship

The provisions governing the reacquisition of citizenship are contained in Art. 13 of Law no. 91/92. In particular, an individual residing abroad, who has lost citizenship may reacquire it pursuant to paragraph 1, letter c), by submitting a specific declaration to the competent Consular Office, provided they establish residence in Italy within one year of the declaration.

Women married to foreign nationals before January 1, 1948, who – by virtue of marriage – automatically acquired their husband’s citizenship and lost Italian citizenship, may reacquire it, even if residing abroad, by declaration. The declaration of reacquisition of citizenship must be made, if residing abroad, to the competent Consular Office.

The declaration must be accompanied by the following documentation:

• birth certificate issued by the relevant Italian municipality;

• documentation evidencing previous possession of Italian citizenship;

• documentation of foreign citizenship or stateless status;

• certificate of family situation or equivalent documentation.

In addition, Art. 17 of Law no. 91/1992, as amended by Decree-Law no. 36/2025 as converted by Law no. 74/2025, provides for the reopening of deadlines for the reacquisition of citizenship in favor of former citizens born in Italy or who have been resident in Italy for at least two continuous years and who have lost their citizenship no later than August 15, 1992, under Art. 8, no. 1 and no. 2, or Art. 12 of Law no. 555 of 1912 (naturalization in a foreign country, renunciation of citizenship following involuntary acquisition of foreign citizenship, minor children living with a parent who has lost citizenship). This possibility does not apply to those who renounced their Italian citizenship (or who have lost it for other reasons) starting from August 16, 1992.

Declarations for reacquisition may be submitted between July 1, 2025, and December 31, 2027.

The interested party for the reacquisition must provide:

• Valid identity document issued by the Authority of the country of current citizenship;

• Birth certificate: if born abroad, it must be suitable for transcription in Italy, duly legalized and translated;

• For those born abroad, a historical residence certificate issued by the competent Italian municipality;

• Historical certificate of residence;

• Documentation proving the reason and date for loss of citizenship (proof of foreign citizenship acquisition and, in the cases envisaged, the renunciation of Italian citizenship such as a certificate of naturalization or, if required by local practice, a birth certificate with citizenship documentation and reason of acquisition, issued by foreign authorities must be duly legalized and translated).

A contribution of EUR 250, payable at the Consular Office, is required for declarations of reacquisition of Italian citizenship.

The declaration must be made by the interested party personally.

According to Art. 15 of Law no. 91/1992, the individual reacquires citizenship from the day following the declaration, not from birth.

6. Declaration of Uninterrupted Possession of Italian Citizenship for Women Married to Foreign Citizens Since January 1, 1948

Women who on or after January 1, 1948, have automatically acquired foreign citizenship by marriage to a foreign citizen or by foreign naturalization of their Italian-born husband have NOT lost Italian citizenship. In order to allow the necessary annotations in civil registry records, these women (or their descendants) must declare their intention to retain Italian citizenship to the competent consular office through a declaration of uninterrupted possession.

7. Recognition of Citizenship Pursuant to Law No. 379/2000 and Law No. 124/2006

To persons born and formerly residing in the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire and their descendants pursuant to Law no. 379 of December 14, 2000 (no longer in force as of December 20, 2010):

Declarations requesting the recognition of Italian citizenship in favor of persons born and formerly residing in the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire and their descendants pursuant to Law no. 379/2000 could be submitted until December 20, 2010, to the Italian Consular Office if the applicant resided abroad or, for those applicants residing in Italy, before the Civil Registrar of the municipality of residence.

Declarations submitted within the prescribed deadlines are examined by an interministerial committee established at the Ministry of the Interior, which issues an opinion on whether the legal requirements are met. If the opinion is favorable, the Ministry of the Interior issues a clearance for recognition.

The necessary requirements for the recognition of Italian citizenship are:

• birth and residence of the ancestor in the territories formerly belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and acquired by Italy at the end of the First World War in implementation of the Treaty of San Germano;

• emigration abroad of the ancestor in the period between December 25, 1867, and July 16, 1920.

To Italian nationals from Istria, Rijeka, and Dalmatia and their descendants pursuant to Law no. 124 of March 8, 2006:

It provides for the recognition of Italian citizenship in favor of:

a) Italian nationals residing from 1940 to 1947 in Istria, Rijeka, and Dalmatia, who lost their Italian citizenship when these territories were ceded to the Yugoslav Republic by virtue of the Treaty of Paris of February 10, 1947, and to their descendants;

b) Italian nationals residing until 1977 in zone B of the former Free Territory of Trieste who lost their Italian citizenship when this territory was ceded to the Republic of Yugoslavia by virtue of the Treaty of Osimo of November 10, 1975, and to their descendants.

The application must be submitted to the Italian Consular Office if the applicant resides abroad or to the Municipality if he or she resides in Italy.

Two distinct categories of beneficiaries must be distinguished:

A. Beneficiaries under Art. 19 of the Peace Treaty of Paris, as they were already resident in the territories ceded in 1947.

In order to prove the existence of the requirements required by Art. 17-bis, paragraph 1, letter a) of Law no. 91/92, the following documents shall be attached to the application for recognition:

• birth certificate, possibly on an international model;

• certificate attesting to the possession of foreign citizenship;

• certificate of current residence;

• certification or suitable documentation proving residence as of June 10, 1940, in the territories ceded to the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia;

• certification showing that the person concerned was an Italian citizen on September 15, 1947 – the date of entry into force of the Peace Treaty of Paris – (or equivalent documentation such as military service record, passport, etc.);

• certificate issued by any Italian clubs, associations, or communities operating in the applicant’s country of residence, showing the date of registration, the usual language spoken, and any other useful evidence of knowledge of the Italian language;

• any other useful documentation proving the usual language spoken (e.g., copies of certificates of attendance from Italian language schools, school reports, etc.).

The children or direct descendants of the beneficiaries of Art. 19 of the above-mentioned Peace Treaty of Paris, who intend to make use of Art. 17-bis, paragraph 1, letter b), shall attach the following documents to the application for recognition of Italian citizenship:

• certification or documentation showing the possession, by one’s parent or ancestor in the direct line, of the requirements referred to in the aforementioned points;

• birth certificate attesting to the relationship of direct descent between the applicant and the parent or ancestor;

• certificate attesting to the possession of foreign citizenship;

• certificate issued by any associations or communities of Italians, present in the foreign territory of residence, which demonstrates the applicant’s knowledge of the Italian language and culture;

• any other useful documentation suitable for proving the applicant’s knowledge of the Italian language and culture.

8. Administrative Simplification and Costs

The procedures for acquiring, losing, and reacquiring Italian citizenship, while thorough, have also seen efforts towards administrative simplification. Applicants are generally required to submit comprehensive documentation, often with specific legalization and translation requirements. Fees, such as the EUR 250 contribution for certain types of citizenship acquisition, are also applicable.

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, individuals are strongly advised to refer directly to the official websites of the Italian Ministry of Interior or the specific Italian diplomatic or consular representation competent for their place of residence. These sources will provide the precise requirements, forms, and procedures, which can vary based on individual circumstances and the evolving legal landscape.

If you are pursuing Italian citizenship and seek professional assistance with your application, we invite you to contact us at legal@expatslivinginrome.com

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In conclusion, understanding the multifaceted nature of Italian citizenship requires careful consideration of the foundational laws, recent amendments, and the specific circumstances of each application. From citizenship by descent and marriage to provisions for those serving the State or individuals in unique historical contexts, Italy’s legal framework aims to provide clear pathways while upholding its core principles. Aspiring citizens and those seeking to regularize their status are encouraged to consult the relevant authorities, such as the Ministry of the Interior or competent Consular Offices, to ensure adherence to the latest requirements and to facilitate a smooth application process.

How to Move to Italy: A Step-by-Step Guide

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Italy’s healthcare system, known as the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), is a universal system that provides access to medical services for both citizens and residents. Each region manages its healthcare through regional systems called Sistemi Sanitari Regionali (SSR). While the system has its benefits, such as affordability and comprehensive coverage, it also faces challenges like long wait times. This article will help expats and foreigners understand how the system works, how to register, and what options are available for private healthcare.

How the Italian Healthcare System Works

The SSN is funded through taxes and provides residents with access to hospitals, general practitioners (GPs), specialists, and emergency care. Each region operates its healthcare services via the SSR, so the quality and wait times can vary significantly depending on where you live.

• Public Healthcare (SSR): The SSN/SSR covers most medical services either for free or at a very low cost (known as a “ticket”). This includes visits to GPs, hospital stays, and emergency care. However, there are often long wait times for non-urgent appointments and procedures.

•  Private Healthcare: Many Italians and expats opt for private healthcare to avoid long wait times and access more personalized care. Private doctors and clinics often have shorter wait times and offer more convenience.

How to Register for Public Healthcare (SSN/SSR)

To access public healthcare, you must register with the SSN through your regional SSR at the local Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL). Here’s how to do it:

•  Legal Residency: Ensure you have legal residency in Italy and a valid residence permit (permesso di soggiorno).
•  Codice Fiscale: Obtain a tax identification number (codice fiscale) from the Agenzia delle Entrate.
•  Registration: Go to your local ASL office with:

· Your residence permit
· Codice fiscale
· Proof of address
· Identity document (e.g., passport)

• Choose a GP: Once registered, you will be assigned or can choose a general practitioner (medico di base).

Costs for Public Healthcare (SSR)

•  For Taxpayers: If you work in Italy and pay taxes, you are automatically entitled to public healthcare at no additional cost.

•  For Non-Taxpayers: If you don’t pay taxes in Italy (e.g., retirees, students, or dependents), you may need to pay an annual fee to access the SSR.

•  Ticket Fees: Even within the SSR, some services require small co-payments (“tickets”), usually ranging from €16 to €50, depending on the service and region.

What Does the SSR Cover?

The SSR provides coverage for:

•  General practitioner visits
•  Hospitalization
•  Specialist visits (with a referral)
•  Emergency care
•  Vaccinations
•  Some prescription medications (with partial or full co-payment)
•  Diagnostic tests (e.g., blood tests, X-rays, MRIs)

Challenges of the Public System

•   Long Wait Times: For non-urgent appointments, wait times can stretch to months.
•   Regional Disparities: The quality of care can vary significantly between regions, with northern regions typically offering better services than southern ones.
•   Language Barriers: Not all public healthcare providers speak English, which can be challenging for non-Italian speakers.

Private Healthcare in Italy

Many expats and even locals supplement public healthcare with private services. Private healthcare offers:

•   Shorter Wait Times: Appointments can often be scheduled within days.
•   More Personalization: Doctors tend to spend more time with patients.
•   Flexibility: You can often book directly with specialists without a referral.

Cost of Private Healthcare

•   Out-of-Pocket: Private consultations can range from €50-€150 for a GP or specialist visit. Diagnostic tests and imaging (e.g., MRIs) can cost between €100-€300. Here is a report on the average prices for all private and third-sector healthcare services nationwide.

•   Private Insurance: A private health insurance plan in Italy typically costs between €1,300-€2,500 annually, depending on the coverage. This is especially useful for frequent medical needs or access to private hospitals.

Tips for Expats Navigating Healthcare in Italy

•   Learn Basic Italian: Even a little Italian can go a long way in navigating public healthcare.
•   Register Early: Start the SSN/SSR registration process as soon as you have your residence permit.
•   Consider Private Insurance: If you have ongoing medical needs or want peace of mind, private insurance can be a worthwhile investment.
•   Emergency Care: In an emergency, you can go to the nearest public hospital (pronto soccorso) for immediate care without worrying about registration.
•   Pharmacies: Pharmacists in Italy are well-trained and can provide advice for minor ailments or direct you to the right healthcare services.

For many expats, a combination of public and private healthcare provides the best balance of cost and convenience. By understanding how the system works and planning ahead, you can make the most of Italy’s healthcare options.

Have more questions about healthcare in Italy? Share your experiences and tips in our Facebook Group! If you do not receive our newsletter it’s a good idea to sign up here.

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In July 2025, several national and local transport strikes will affect trains, planes, and buses. The disruptions—driven by various labor unions and involving both public and private operators—could seriously impact mobility for tourists during the peak season and for Italians during their daily commutes.

Below is a detailed breakdown of the confirmed transport strikes happening in July, organized by scope and city.

National Transport Strikes – July 2025

July 8 – National Rail and Public Transport Strike

Three simultaneous strikes will disrupt transport across Italy starting at 9:00 PM on July 7 and lasting until 6:00 PM on July 8:

• National railway strike (organized by SGB, Pdm/Pdb) affecting Trenitalia, FSI, Tper, and Mercitalia.

• National public transport strike.

• National freight rail strike (Captrain Italia).

July 10 – Major National Air Transport Strike

Widespread disruption in air traffic expected:

• EasyJet staff nationwide (organized by USB).

• Assohandlers staff across Italy (organized by FLAI).

July 26 – Another Nationwide Air Sector Strike

• All air transport and airport services staff on strike (organized by CUB Trasporti).

• Volotea employees on strike from 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM (except for flights to Palermo).

Local Airport Strikes – July 10–11

The national air strike on July 10 will be compounded by local strikes that threaten to paralyze several major airports:

• Tuscany: All airport sector companies, from 10:00 PM on July 9 to 10:00 PM on July 10.

• Milan Linate & Malpensa:

• Swissport Italia, SEA, and Airport Handling – full-day strike.

• Venice: Aviation Service staff on strike all day.

• Naples: Romeo Gestioni staff strike from 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM.

• Cagliari: SogaerSecurity staff strike from 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM.

• Palermo (July 11): Gesap staff strike, affecting several routes.

Local Public Transport Strikes by City

July 5
• Sardinia (Cagliari, Sassari, Nuoro, Oristano): Full-day strike by ARST employees (ORSA union).

July 7
• La Spezia: Strike by ATC staff from 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM.

July 8
• Part of the national public and rail transport strike affecting all cities.

July 14
• Palermo: Autorestizi Russo and Segesta Autolinee staff (9:30 AM–1:30 PM).

• Catania: Etnea Trasporti (9:30 AM–1:30 PM).

• Enna: Interbus (9:30 AM–1:30 PM).

July 15
• Bologna, Milan, Pavia, Cremona, Monza, Mantova, Lodi: Autoguidovie staff (8:30 AM–12:30 PM).

• Pisa: Autolinee Toscane (5:30 PM–8:30 PM).

July 18
• Monza & Trezzo sull’Adda: NET staff (6:00 PM–8:00 PM).

• La Spezia: ATC, Riccitelli, and Trotta staff (11:00 AM–3:00 PM).

July 19
• Campobasso: SATI staff strike (8:30 AM–12:30 PM).

July 20–21
• Piedmont & Aosta Valley: Trenitalia strike from 3:00 AM on July 20 to 2:00 AM on July 21 (ORSA).

July 26
• Ischia and Procida: EAV staff strike (7:55 PM–11:55 PM, ORSA union).

How to Stay Informed

For each strike:

• Check the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport website to view strike details by sector, location, and date.

• If traveling by air, monitor your airline’s official communication for cancellations or changes.

• Rail travelers can use the Trenitalia or Italo platforms for updates on delays or substitutions.

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Subscribe to our newsletter to access content and updates to help navigate life as an expat in Italy. If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com

Find and Buy Your Ideal Property in Italy with Our Professional Services

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Looking to buy property in Italy? We are here to help you step by step!

Have you always dreamed of owning a home in Italy—whether it’s a charming countryside farmhouse, a coastal villa, or a cozy apartment in a historic town? We’re here to help turn that dream into reality.

Buying real estate in Italy can be exciting, but also overwhelming—especially if you’re navigating the legal system, language, and cultural differences from abroad. That’s where we come in.

We assist clients from all over the world in purchasing property in Italy. From your first inquiry to the final signing at the notary, we provide step-by-step guidance, ensuring a smooth and stress-free buying experience.

With years of experience, a trusted network of professionals, and a deep understanding of Italy’s unique property market, we make sure your investment is handled with care, precision, and transparency.

We offer a range of services to help you achieve that, such as:

1. A 30 Minutes Free Call
2. A 30/60 Minutes Video Call
3. Property Search on behalf of the Customer
4. Real estate visits on behalf of the client or in accompaniment
5. Purchase Proposal / Deed of Purchase

In a 30 Minute Free Call, we can better understand your target, area, budget, parameters, etc. In a 30/60 minutes Video Call, we can determine the perfect profile of the house to search for. Regarding the search of the property on behalf of the customer, we’ll send a curated selection of properties with descriptions and details that match your filters and parameters. We will agree together on the properties to visit, either on behalf of the customer (Photo, Video & Video Call) or together with the customer.

When we find the perfect property, we can proceed with the Purchase Proposal, helping you negotiate.

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Purchase Proposal

Upon the acceptance of your offer by the sellers, your journey towards property ownership in Italy continues with our assistance through the subsequent stages to close the purchase:

1. Collecting all property documents from the seller
2. Analyzing the documents collected (Permits / Licenses / Etc.)
3. Choosing a Notary with a relative quote (Taxes / Fees)
4. Choosing an Interpreter or a Notary Procurement
5. Opening an Italian bank account if possible
6. Using the notary’s dedicated bank account to pay all parties (Sellers / Real Estate/ Taxes/ Notary Fees)
7. Booking an appointment for closing (Deed of Purchase)

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Key Considerations for Foreign Buyers:

Navigating the gym scene in a new city can be tricky—language barriers, varying prices, and unfamiliar membership structures can make it hard to know where to begin. To simplify your search, we’ve put together a comprehensive guide to gyms in Italy’s most popular cities for expats: Rome, Milan, Florence, Turin, Bologna, Naples, and Venice.

Whether you’re looking for a premium fitness experience, a mid-range option, or a budget-friendly gym, here’s an overview to help you find the perfect fit.

ROME

Premium

• Virgin Active
Beautiful, modern clubs with pools, spa areas, pilates and yoga rooms, and even outdoor training zones in some locations.
Prices: ~€100–130/month

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness (multiple locations, open 24/7!)
Great for flexibility; perfect for travelers or remote workers. Clean facilities with cardio, weights, and group classes. English-speaking staff at many locations.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• ICON Gyms (multiple locations)
Trendy gym chain with stylish design and modern equipment. Offers classes, cardio zones, functional training, and personal training. Popular with locals and expats.
Prices: ~€50–80/month

Budget-friendly
• McFIT
German gym chain with big spaces, modern equipment, and very competitive pricing.
Prices: ~€30/month

MILAN

Premium
• GetFIT Club
Stylish gym with spa, pool, wellness services, and a strong community feel.
Prices: ~€90–120/month (membership plans vary)

• Casa Cipriani Milano Wellness Center
Exclusive, members-only gym and wellness center. State-of-the-art fitness equipment, personal training, indoor pool, spa, and wellness services. Luxurious setting within the Casa Cipriani private club.
Prices: Membership fees upon request (exclusive/expensive)

• Aspria Harbour Club Milano
High-end fitness and country club with gym, tennis courts, swimming pool, spa, wellness programs, and kids’ activities. Lush outdoor spaces.
Prices: ~€150–250/month (membership plans vary)

• Ceresio7 GYM & SPA
Boutique gym and spa with rooftop pool and luxury facilities. Small, curated space with personal training, group classes, and high-end wellness services.
Prices: ~€150–300/month (varies by package)

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness
Central locations perfect for city professionals and students. 24/7 access.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• IULM Fitness Center
University-affiliated gym open to public; modern and affordable. Fitness classes, cardio & strength areas, wellness services. Great for students.
Prices: ~€40–60/month

Budget-friendly
• FitActive
Very popular among younger expats and students. Modern machines, no-frills gym.
Prices: ~€25–35/month

• 20Hours (multiple locations)
Large budget gym chain; 24-hour access in some locations. Cardio, weights, basic classes. Clean and efficient but no-frills.
Prices: ~€20–40/month

• McFit (multiple locations, open 24/7!)
German budget gym chain. Self-service style with cardio, strength, and functional training. Group workouts on video screens.
Prices: ~€30–40/month

FLORENCE

Premium
• KLAB
Stylish fitness & wellness centers in Florence. Offers fully equipped gyms, swimming pools, spa areas, group fitness classes, yoga, Pilates, and personal training. Popular with locals, expats, and visitors seeking a premium experience. English-speaking staff at most locations.
Prices: ~€129–200/month (varies by location and package)

• House of Nine (Boutique Gym & Spa)
Exclusive boutique gym & spa. Small, intimate setting with personal training, luxury wellness treatments, yoga, and Pilates. Premium experience.
Prices: ~€100–200/month or higher (packages vary)

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness Florence
24/7 gym with clean equipment and solid group classes. Flexible memberships.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• Florence Fitness
Well-equipped gym with modern cardio & strength machines, free weights, and fitness classes. Good value for locals and expats.
Prices: ~€50–80/month

Budget-friendly
• Olympus Gym
Simple local gym, friendly community vibe, very affordable.
Prices: ~€25–35/month

TURIN

Premium
• Virgin Active
Full-service wellness club with swimming pool, spa, group classes.
Prices: ~€90–120/month

• SPA H14 | Fitness & Wellness
Upscale wellness center with gym, spa, indoor pool, relaxation areas, and beauty treatments. Elegant space ideal for wellness lovers.
Prices: ~€100–200/month

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness
Smaller but well-equipped facilities, ideal for flexible training hours.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• FitActive 
Budget-friendly gym chain with flexible memberships. Cardio, strength, and functional training. Great value for money.
Prices: ~€25–50/month

• Club32
Mid-range fitness club offering personal training, group classes, cardio and weights areas, and wellness programs.
Prices: ~€50–80/month

Budget-friendly
• McFIT Turin
Same value-focused model as other McFIT locations across Italy.
Prices: ~€30/month

BOLOGNA

Premium
• Palestra Prime
High-end fitness center with personalized coaching, physiotherapy, and a luxurious setting.
Prices: ~€60–130/month

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness Bologna
Clean, accessible, open 24/7 — excellent for expats with busy or irregular schedules.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• Palestra Atlas
Well-rounded gym with strength & cardio equipment, functional areas, and group classes. Friendly atmosphere.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• Palestra Sinergy
Modern gym with group classes, personal training, and good facilities. Community-focused vibe.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• Palestra Performance
Sports-oriented gym, ideal for athletic training and personal coaching. Functional spaces and targeted programs.
Prices: ~€60–80/month

• Palestra Bologym
Well-equipped fitness center offering cardio, weights, classes, and personal training. Popular with locals.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

• Sway Gym
Trendy gym with functional training, group workouts, and a modern aesthetic. Geared toward younger crowd.
Prices: ~€50–80/month

• Palestra Palafitness
Comprehensive gym with varied equipment, fitness classes, and wellness services. Large space, popular among Bologna residents.
Prices: ~€50–75/month

Budget-friendly
• Palestre Italiane
Solid no-frills gym, great pricing.
Prices: ~€20–30/month

NAPLES

Premium
• BodyLine Wellness Club
Offers everything from a pool and spa to personal training and advanced equipment.
Prices: ~€90–110/month

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness Naples
Convenient locations, friendly international vibe, flexible hours.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

Budget-friendly
• FitActive Naples
Very affordable with modern equipment and flexible plans.
Prices: ~€25–35/month

VENICE

Premium
• Virgin Active Venice Mestre
Spa, pool, pilates, yoga, large training floor — ideal if you live on the mainland.
Prices: ~€90–120/month

Mid-Range
• Anytime Fitness Mestre
One of the best flexible gym options near Venice. 24/7 with international-friendly atmosphere.
Prices: ~€50–70/month

Final Tips:

• Check contract terms carefully — Some gyms offer flexible monthly plans, while others require 6- or 12-month commitments. Ask about cancellation policies.

• Medical certificate required — In most Italian gyms, you’ll need a certificato medico to activate your membership. Many gyms can recommend a doctor or clinic nearby.

• Consider your lifestyle — If you travel often or work irregular hours, a gym with extended or 24/7 access may be worth the extra cost. If you prefer group classes, check which ones are included in the membership.

• Test before you commit — Many gyms offer a free trial or day pass. Take advantage of this to check the equipment, cleanliness, crowd level, and atmosphere.

• Compare amenities — Premium gyms often include extras like pools, saunas, and spa areas. If you only need basic cardio and weight machines, a budget or mid-range gym might be a better fit.

• Language tip — In larger cities, many gym staff members speak some English, but in smaller towns, knowing a few fitness-related terms in Italian will help you navigate memberships and classes.

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Subscribe to our newsletter to access content and updates to help navigate life as an expat in Italy. If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com

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If you’re an expat living in Italy or a foreigner planning to move and apply for Italian citizenship, you might have heard about the B1 Italian Certification. This language requirement is crucial for those seeking naturalization.

Who Needs the B1 Italian Certification?

The B1 level Italian language certification is required for foreigners applying for Italian citizenship through marriage or residency (naturalization). This requirement was introduced in December 2018 under Law 132/2018 to ensure that new citizens can effectively integrate into Italian society.

Who Must Take the Exam?

• Applicants for Italian citizenship by marriage (after being married to an Italian citizen for at least two years, or one year if living in Italy and having children together)

• Applicants for Italian citizenship by residency (after legally residing in Italy for 10 years)

Who Is Exempt?

• Those who have a long-term EU residence permit (permesso di soggiorno UE per soggiornanti di lungo periodo), as they already demonstrated language proficiency.

• Individuals who have an official diploma from an Italian school or university.

• Those with severe disabilities or conditions preventing them from taking a language exam.

What is the Structure of the B1 Italian Exam?

The B1 exam evaluates a candidate’s ability to understand and communicate in everyday Italian. It follows the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and consists of four main parts:

• Listening Comprehension – Understanding spoken Italian, such as conversations and announcements.

• Reading Comprehension – Understanding short texts, articles, and advertisements.

• Writing – Writing a short text, email, or letter in Italian.

• Speaking – Engaging in a short conversation on common topics.

To pass, you must score at least 60% overall, with a satisfactory performance in all sections.

Where Can You Take the B1 Italian Exam?

You can take the exam at officially recognized institutions, such as:

• Università per Stranieri di Perugia (CELI)

• Università per Stranieri di Siena (CILS)

• Società Dante Alighieri (PLIDA)

• Università Roma Tre (CERT.IT)

These institutions offer B1 certification specifically for citizenship, so make sure you choose the correct exam format (some versions are easier than others).

How to Prepare for the B1 Italian Exam?

• Take an Italian language course – Many schools in Italy and online offer B1 preparation courses. Check out our course.

• Practice with past exam papers – Many official exam centers provide past tests to help candidates prepare.

• Improve your listening skills – Listen to Italian radio, podcasts, or watch TV shows with subtitles.

• Speak as much as possible – Join Italian conversation groups, practice with native speakers, or use language exchange apps.

• Write short texts daily – Try composing emails, journal entries, or social media posts in Italian.

Documents Needed to Register for the Exam

To take the B1 certification exam, you’ll typically need:

• A valid passport or residence permit (permesso di soggiorno if in Italy)

• A completed application form from the exam institution

• Proof of exam fee payment (varies but is usually around €100-150)

 

The B1 Italian Certification is an important step for expats and foreigners who want to obtain Italian citizenship. It ensures that new citizens have a basic command of the language, aiding their integration into Italian society. If you’re planning to apply, start preparing early and take advantage of the many resources available to help you succeed.

If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

 

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A SIMPLE GUIDE FOR AN EASY TRANSACTION

The mortgage loan for foreigners interested in buying a property in Italy is a medium- to long-term commitment, typically lasting from 5 to 25 years. The customer typically receives the entire sum in one lump sum and repays it over time in installments of constant or variable amounts. This type of loan is commonly used to buy, build, or renovate properties, especially houses. The term ‘mortgage’ is used because the payment of installments is secured by a mortgage on the property. Financial institutions, including banks and other intermediaries, can grant mortgages. Some banks even provide tailor-made mortgage options for foreigners residing and working in Italy. The loan amount varies based on the applicant’s economic needs and repayment capabilities. It’s important to note that mortgages for foreigners can only be requested if the property is located within Italian territory. We can collaborate to find the best solutions for you, optimizing your chances of obtaining a mortgage in Italy for buying or renovating a property.

HOW DO I CHOOSE A MORTGAGE?

Can I get a mortgage in Italy?
Obtaining a mortgage for foreigners is not as challenging as one might think, but it’s not entirely straightforward either. Similar to Italians, foreigners must provide guarantees of solvency and meet specific income requirements. The process is generally the same, with a few minor differences. Possession of residence in Italy is often valued by most banks, considering it an additional guarantee to income and personal guarantees.

How much can I ask?
In general, the intermediary grants an amount not exceeding 60% of the property’s value, determined based on an expert opinion. Some intermediaries may go beyond 60%, but this often requires more collateral and less favorable conditions. There is no maximum figure for applying for a mortgage; it depends on the intermediary’s policies. Beyond EUR 2 million, considering other financing solutions is advisable, and our company can assist and advise on alternative solutions.

What installment can I afford?
Before applying for a mortgage, it is advisable to carefully assess your income, especially in perspective, and determine your monthly availability after deducting ordinary expenses. The installment should not exceed one-third of your disposable income to cover current expenses, unforeseen costs, and potential income reductions due to illness, accidents, or redundancy.

How much does the mortgage cost me?
The primary cost is interest, which is the remuneration for the granted loan and depends on the mortgage duration. Additional costs, detailed in the Information Sheet available from the intermediary and its website, should be considered. When planning expenses, account for notary fees and taxes payable once the home purchase contract is concluded.

What duration suits me?
The loan duration, agreed upon between the customer and the broker, is a crucial element determining the installment amount. The installment comprises both capital and interest. With the same loan amount and interest rate, shorter durations result in higher installments but lower interest, while longer durations yield higher interest but lower installments.

Who can be financed?
Individuals and companies residing almost anywhere globally can be financed.

Which customers with foreign currencies can be financed?
Commonly financed currencies include EUR, GBP, USD, CAD, AUD, SGD, HKD, DKK, NOK, SEK, CHF, JPY; other currencies can also be estimated.

What can be financed?
Financing is possible for purchasing a first home, holiday home, and income-generating real estate with all necessary permits. Property renovations can also be financed, up to a maximum of 50% of the final property value.

Up to what age can I apply for a mortgage and for how many years?
The mortgage must be completed by the age of 75 for the applicant, and the maximum duration is 25 years.

How many types of mortgage amortization are there?
There are four main amortization plans: French, German, Italian, and American (Anglo-Saxon). The most widely used in Italy is the French plan, where installments remain constant, each comprising a different share of capital and interest.

TYPES OF MORTGAGE IN ITALY

Fixed-rate mortgage
The interest rate remains the one fixed by the contract for the entire duration of the mortgage. The disadvantage is not being able to take advantage of any reductions in market rates that may occur over time. The fixed rate is recommended for those who fear that market rates may rise and from the moment the contract is signed want to be certain of the amounts of the individual instalments and the total amount of the debt to be repaid. In return for this advantage, the intermediary often applies more onerous conditions than for a variable rate mortgage.

Variable-rate mortgage
The interest rate can vary at fixed intervals from the starting rate by following the fluctuations of a reference parameter, usually a market or monetary policy rate. The main risk is an unsustainable increase in the amount of the instalments. For the same duration, variable rates are initially lower than fixed rates, but can increase over time, thus causing the amount of the instalments to rise, even substantially. The variable rate is recommended for those who want a rate that is always in line with market trends, or who can bear any increase in the amount of instalments.

Mixed-rate mortgage
The interest rate can change from fixed to variable (or vice versa) at fixed intervals and/or under certain conditions specified in the contract. Advantages and disadvantages are alternately those of the fixed or variable rate.

Two-rate mortgage
The mortgage is divided into two parts: one with the fixed rate, one with the variable rate. The dual rate is recommended for those who prefer an intermediate solution between the fixed and variable rate, balancing the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Soft-rate mortgage
In some cases public authorities may contribute to the payment of interest on a mortgage.

HOW MUCH DOES A MORTGAGE COST?

Taxes and tax benefits
Taxes and tax benefits If the mortgage is granted by a bank, the customer pays a tax of 2% of the total amount, or 0.25% in the case of a ‘first home’ purchase. The tax is withheld directly by the bank, so the amount the customer receives is less than the amount granted. If the loan is granted by a non-banking company, e.g. a finance company, the conditions are less favourable. There may also be other taxes related to the registration of the mortgage or other obligations. The interest paid on a mortgage loan for the purchase, construction or renovation of the main dwelling is deductible from Personal Income Tax. The amount and conditions for the deduction are set by law.

Other costs
In addition to interest and taxes, consider:

• The fee of the financial advisor who will take care of the entire bureaucratic process and assist you from start to finish.  Our cost varies from 3% to 5% of the sum disbursed by the intermediary with a minimum of 2,500.00 euros
• The intermediary’s fee for the investigation costs, which may consist of either a fixed amount or a percentage calculated on the amount of the loan
• The appraisal fees, which may be charged for the valuation of the property to be mortgaged
• The notary fees for the mortgage contract and the registration of the mortgage in the land registers
• The cost of the insurance premium to cover damage to the property and possibly risks related to events in the client’s life that could prevent him from repaying the loan

If the intermediary asks to take out life insurance, they must submit at least two quotes from two different insurance companies to the client.

It is important to pay attention to the cost of the policy: the one proposed by the intermediary may be more expensive than others offered on the market. If one decides on a policy other than those offered by the intermediary, the latter cannot change the conditions of its mortgage offer. Interest on arrears, if you pay the instalment late, generally entails a surcharge of between 1% and 4% over the rate agreed for the loan and runs from the day of the due date until the instalment is paid. The annual file management fee, instalment collection fees, costs for sending communications (the full list of costs is in the Information Sheet).

AMORTIZATION PLAN

The amortization schedule is the debt repayment plan. It is important, for mortgages that are or may remain at a fixed rate for the duration of the contract, to ask the intermediary to examine it. The plan establishes the amount, the date by which all the debt must be paid, the frequency of the individual instalments (month, quarter, half-year), the criteria for determining the amount of each instalment, and the remaining debt. The instalment consists of two elements: Capital portion, i.e. the amount of the outstanding loan Interest portion, i.e. the interest accrued. There are different loan repayment mechanisms. In Italy, the most common repayment plan is the so-called ‘French’ method: the instalment is composed of an increasing principal portion and a decreasing interest portion. In the beginning, mainly interest is paid; as the capital is repaid, the amount of interest decreases and the capital share increases. The change in the composition of the instalment in principal and interest share can affect tax deductions, the amount of which can therefore change from year to year. In particular, the deductible portion is the interest portion, which decreases over time.

HOW TO DECIDE WHICH MORTGAGE TO CHOOSE?

Compare offers from several intermediaries
The rates and conditions offered by different intermediaries can vary, even by a lot. Today, almost all intermediaries have a website on which they publish the Comparison Sheet and the Information Sheet for each mortgage: it is therefore possible to compare the offers with all the necessary calm. There are also search engines on the internet that offer guides and suggest the most suitable mortgages for everyone’s needs. Of course, it is always possible to request the information documents directly from the intermediary. An important element to assess and compare is the APR (Annual Percentage Rate), which all intermediaries are required by law to publish on their information sheets. The APR is a summary of the overall cost of the loan, which includes the interest rate (and therefore also the spread applied by the intermediary) and the other expense items (e.g. application and instalment collection costs).

Select intermediaries for customized proposals

The information documents indicate the conditions according to a standard scheme. Depending on one’s personal situation, the customer may obtain more favourable conditions. When examining proposals, pay close attention to:

• Spread
• APR (in Italian TAEG)
• Amortisation plan
• All items of expenditure
• Time for granting (must be compatible with the time needed to purchase the property)
• Tax savings, which may vary depending on the composition of the instalments (principal and interest share) set out in the repayment plan.

 

 

WHAT TO KNOW BEFORE SIGNING A MORTGAGE

Provide information and documents for the preliminary investigation

With the appraisal, the intermediary verifies the customer’s income, assets and collateral to assess his repayment capacity over time. Each intermediary has its own procedures, but in general the documents to be submitted concern:

Presenting guarantees

The first guarantee that the broker requires is the mortgage, which gives him the right to have the property sold if the client fails to repay the loan. To determine the value of the property, and thus of the collateral, the property is first subjected to an appraisal. The client may live in the mortgaged property and may rent it out. Selling it, on the other hand, may be more complicated precisely because of the lien on it. The lender may require other collateral in addition to the mortgage, for example when the client has a low income compared to the instalments, does not have a stable job or is applying for a mortgage for more than 80% of the value of the property. Among the most common guarantees is the surety bond, issued by a party other than the customer applying for the mortgage. With the surety, the guarantor is liable for the repayment of the entire loan with all his assets.

The main steps:

• Application and submission of documents
• Assessment of income
• Technical expertise and notary’s report
• Final decision on granting of financing
• Signing of contract
• Disbursement of the loan

A MAJOR FINANCIAL COMMITMENT

Do not get into debt beyond your means
A mortgage is a major financial commitment to be borne over time, both for an individual and for a family. Already at the time of application, it is essential to assess whether one’s income is sufficient to pay the instalments. During the mortgage period, unforeseen events may occur that require new outgoings (medical, household, children’s expenses) or reduce income (loss of job, redundancy, illness). Before any application for a mortgage or loan, you should always consider whether you are not getting into too much debt.

Pay installments on time

If you do not pay your instalments on time, the intermediary charges interest on arrears, which is added to the amount owed. In the most serious cases, the intermediary can terminate the contract. If the intermediary is a bank, the bank may dissolve the contract for:

• Non-payment of even one instalment
• Delay of more than 180 days from the due date in paying even a single instalment
• Delay (between 30 and 180 days from the due date) in the payment of instalments more than seven times

If the bank terminates the contract, the customer must repay the outstanding debt immediately. If they cannot repay the debt, the intermediary may have the mortgaged property attached and sold at auction. If there is a guarantor, they too are obliged to repay what is owed. The intermediary may also report the untrustworthy customer to the Central Risks Bureau, a report that jeopardises the possibility of obtaining financing in the future.

If the instalment over time proves to be too high, the customer should seek a solution with the intermediary immediately

If the customer cannot always pay their mortgage instalments on time, it is advisable for them to contact the intermediary promptly to seek a solution together. Firstly, it is possible to renegotiate, for example, the type of rate, spread and duration, without the notary’s intervention because the original mortgage remains valid.

Another possibility is the temporary suspension of payments, to overcome the moment of difficulty.

Alternatively, it is possible at any time to transfer the loan to another intermediary, without any charge or penalty. This is known as portability, which allows the mortgage to be repaid using the same sum granted by a new intermediary and keeping the original mortgage. The sum will be repaid on the terms agreed with the new intermediary. The customer has no right to obtain a new loan. However, if this is granted to them, the old intermediary cannot prevent or hinder the transfer of the mortgage. The customer does not have to bear any costs, not even indirect costs (e.g. commissions, fees, charges or penalties), either for the termination of the loan with the old intermediary or for the granting of the new loan.

For further information, contact us at legal@expatslivinginrome.com 

Find and Buy Your Ideal Property in Italy with Our Professional Services

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Italy continues to offer valuable financial incentives for homeowners looking to renovate or improve the energy efficiency of their properties. Two key schemes for 2025 are the Bonus Ristrutturazioni (Renovation Bonus) and the Ecobonus (Eco-bonus). This guide explains what they are, how to apply, and the specific requirements.

Bonus Ristrutturazioni (Renovation Bonus) in 2025: Your Complete Guide

The “Bonus Ristrutturazioni” is a tax deduction (IRPEF) designed to support building renovations and the recovery of residential buildings. Article 16-bis of the TUIR (Consolidated Income Tax Act) allows for a tax deduction on expenses incurred for the rehabilitation, renovation, and recovery of the building heritage on common parts of residential buildings and individual residential units of any cadastral category, including their appurtenances.

What it is: For 2025, the Bonus Ristrutturazioni offers a 50% tax deduction on expenses up to a maximum spending limit of €96,000 per property unit, but only for interventions on main homes (abitazioni principali). For second and subsequent homes, the deduction is 36% with the same spending limit of €96,000.

Important Note for Future Years: The deduction rates are scheduled to decrease in the following years. For expenses incurred in 2026 and 2027, the deduction will be 36% for main homes and 30% for other properties, always within the €96,000 spending limit.

Requirements: The bonus applies to various types of renovations, including:

• Extraordinary maintenance: Works that renew or replace parts of the building, such as consolidating foundations, replacing fixtures, creating or modifying bathrooms, etc.
• Restoration and conservative rehabilitation: Interventions aimed at preserving the building while ensuring its functionality, like structural consolidation, eliminating architectural barriers, etc.
• Building renovation: Works that significantly modify a building, potentially including demolition and reconstruction with the same volume.
• Ordinary maintenance is generally not included unless it’s part of a larger renovation project and concerns the common parts of condominium buildings.

How to Apply: The deduction is typically claimed over ten equal annual installments in your income tax return. To apply, you need to:

• Ensure that the works carried out are eligible (see “Requirements” above).
• Pay for the works via traceable methods like bank or postal transfer, clearly indicating the reason for payment, your fiscal code, and the VAT number or fiscal code of the company carrying out the work.
• Keep all invoices and payment receipts.
• If required by the type of work, submit any necessary building permits or notifications (like CILA or SCIA) to the local municipality.
• Declare the expenses in your annual tax return (“Dichiarazione dei Redditi”).

All taxpayers, whether residents or non-residents in Italy, who own the property subject to the renovation under any legal title, are eligible for the deduction, provided they bear the expenses.

Ecobonus (Eco-bonus) in 2025: Investing in Energy Efficiency

The Ecobonus is a tax deduction for interventions aimed at the energy upgrading of existing buildings. Introduced by the Budget Law of 2007, it is currently governed by Article 14 of Decree-Law 63/2013.

What it is in 2025: The Budget Law 2025 has brought a significant revision to the deduction percentages for energy efficiency upgrades. For 2025, the Ecobonus offers a 50% tax deduction for main homes and 36% for other properties, to be divided into 10 equal annual installments.

Future Rates: These rates will further decrease in 2026/2027 to 36% for main homes and 30% for other properties. The increased rates for 2025 (50% for main homes) apply only if the expenses are incurred by the owners or holders of a real right of enjoyment over the property used as their main residence.

Important Exclusion: The replacement of winter air conditioning systems with single fossil fuel boilers is excluded from the Ecobonus for expenses incurred in 2025, 2026, and 2027.

Who Can Benefit?

The Ecobonus is available to all taxpayers who hold any type of income and own or hold the property based on a suitable title. This includes individuals (including professionals), public and private entities (not carrying out commercial activities), simple partnerships, professional associations, and those with business income.

Eligible Buildings: The Ecobonus applies to existing property units and buildings (or parts thereof) located in Italy, registered in the Land Registry (Catasto) or for which registration has been requested, of any cadastral category, including rural properties and those used for business or professional activities.

Eligible Interventions:

The Ecobonus covers interventions that reduce energy consumption for heating and improve the building’s thermal performance. These include:

• Purchase and installation of solar shading.
• Purchase and installation of windows (including frames) and replacement of winter air conditioning systems with at least Class A condensing boilers (excluding single fossil fuel boilers from 2025).
• Replacement of heating systems with biomass-fueled generators.
• Replacement of heating systems with high-efficiency heat pumps or low-enthalpy geothermal systems.
• Replacement of traditional water heaters with heat pump water heaters.
• Interventions on the building envelope (opaque vertical and horizontal structures), including the installation of solar panels for hot water production.
• Global energy requalification of buildings aimed at reducing primary energy needs.
• Purchase and installation of micro-cogeneration systems.
• Energy efficiency upgrades of common parts of condominium buildings.

How to Apply:

• Ensure the energy efficiency work is eligible.
• Pay for the works via traceable methods.
• Retain all invoices and payment receipts.
• Obtain the necessary asseveration from a qualified technician certifying the work meets the technical requirements.
• Obtain an Energy Performance Certificate (APE) after the work is completed (not required for all types of interventions).
• Prepare a information sheet about the work carried out.
• Crucially, transmit the information sheet and details from the APE (if required) to ENEA electronically within 90 days of the end of the works via their dedicated website.
• Declare the expenses in your tax return, claiming the deduction over ten equal annual installments.

Key Considerations for Foreign Property Owners
• Property Ownership: You must own the property or hold a real right over it.
• Italian Tax Liability: These bonuses are primarily tax deductions against your Italian income tax (IRPEF). If you don’t pay IRPEF in Italy, the direct benefit might be limited. While past mechanisms like “sconto in fattura” (invoice discount) and credit transfer existed, the current primary method is the tax deduction over ten years.
• Documentation is Key: Meticulously keep all invoices, payment records, and any required permits. For the Ecobonus, ensure timely submission of documentation to ENEA.
• Seek Professional Advice: Navigating the Italian bureaucracy and tax system can be complex. Consider consulting a local “commercialista” (accountant) for personalized guidance.

The Bonus Ristrutturazioni and the Ecobonus in 2025 offer valuable opportunities for foreign homeowners in Italy to reduce costs associated with property improvements. Remember to always consult official sources and a “commercialista” for advice tailored to your specific situation.

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In Italy, “De facto cohabitants” refer to couples who live together in a stable and committed relationship but are not legally married or in a civil partnership. They are commonly known as “cohabiting partners” or “unmarried couples.”

While they are not married in the eyes of the law, de facto cohabitants often share a household, contribute to each other’s lives financially and emotionally, and may have children together. The concept of de facto cohabitation recognizes the rights and responsibilities that arise from long-term cohabitation, allowing these couples to regulate certain aspects of their relationship through a cohabitation contract.

This cohabitation contract, as mentioned in the previous message, allows de facto cohabitants to regulate their property relationships related to their life in common, specifying aspects such as financial contributions, property ownership, and other legal matters. The “legge Cirinnà” (n. 76 del 20.5.2016) in Italy regulates this contract and provides legal recognition and protection to de facto cohabitants.

Requirements:

To enter into the cohabitation contract, certain criteria must be met:

– Both parties must coexist in fact, substantiated by corresponding anagraphic registration.
– The cohabitants must be adults and not interdicted, with no current marriage or civil union, and not have entered into another similar contract within its validity period.
– The contract must be written and can be executed through a public or private act, authenticated and subscribed by a notary or attorney who verifies compliance with mandatory rules and public policy.
– To proceed with the contract signing, each contractor must fulfill the following requirements:

● Be an adult with the capacity to understand and consent.

● Be free from any existing marriage, civil union, or other cohabitation contract within its validity period.

● Have no relationship of kinship, affinity, or adoption with the other contractor.

● Establish a stable cohabitation with the other contractor, with proof derived from anagraphic results.

● Register the cohabitation at the comune/city hall.

● Additionally, they must not be judicially interdicted.

Content:

The cohabitation contract should include the following elements:

Required:

– Indication of the residence of both contractors.

Optional:

– Modality of financial contributions from both contractors, based on their contributive capacity.

– Choice of property regime. Unlike married or civilly united couples, cohabitants do not acquire a different legal status.

Termination of the Contract:

The cohabitation contract can be terminated under the following circumstances:

– Death of one of the contractors.

– Marriage or civil union between the contractors or with a third party.

– Agreement between the contractors to terminate the contract.

– Unilateral termination by one contractor, with notice to the other, followed by notification and registration at the comune/city hall.

 

Cohabitation Contract with a Non-EU Citizen

The cohabitation contract also enables a non-EU citizen to apply for and obtain a family permit. The Italian public administration facilitates the stay of non-EU citizens who can demonstrate a stable relationship with an EU citizen. This proof of a stable relationship is established through the registration of the cohabitation contract.

Procedure:

To formalize the cohabitation contract, the following steps are involved:

– Collection of documents for the declaration of residence, including a residence certificate, and for non-EU citizens, a multiple language certificate of free civil status (with clearance/nullaosta issued by the Embassy) and rental contract or property deed.

– Preparation of the cohabitation contract, to be subscribed and authenticated by a notary or attorney.

– Choice of the property regime.

– The signing of the cohabitation contract.

– Registration of the contract with the revenue agency (agenzia delle entrate).

– Notification of the contract registration to the comune/city hall. After 30 days from the notification, the certificate of the cohabitation contract can be obtained.

In conclusion, the cohabitation contract grants non-EU citizens the opportunity to apply for a family permit, allowing them to reside in Italy as a cohabitant with an EU citizen partner. This legal recognition provides additional benefits and rights to de facto cohabitants in Italy.

Subscribe to our newsletter to access content and updates to help navigate life as an expat in Italy. If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

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Flying with a pet is about to become significantly more convenient. The Italian Civil Aviation Authority (ENAC) is expected to approve new guidelines that will expand the conditions under which animals may be transported in the cabin rather than in the cargo hold. This change reflects a growing commitment to animal welfare and aims to support passengers who wish to travel alongside their pets or animal companions.

The proposed ENAC resolution will permit the transport of pets in the cabin, provided they are housed in appropriate carriers. These carriers may even be placed above passenger seats, as long as they are properly secured using seat belts or other anchoring systems. Notably, the current weight restrictions will be eased: the combined weight of the animal and its carrier may exceed existing limits, provided it does not surpass the maximum weight designated for an average passenger.

This update has been met with strong support from Matteo Salvini, Italy’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, who had previously advocated for a more humane approach to pet travel. The measure aligns Italy with broader European efforts to enhance the comfort and safety of animals traveling by air.

This regulatory update marks a meaningful step forward in making Italy more welcoming to pet owners, both residents and travelers. For expats who consider their pets an integral part of the family, these new guidelines represent a more compassionate and practical approach to air travel.

As airlines begin to implement these changes, expats are advised to check with individual carriers for specific details regarding carrier dimensions, weight allowances, and booking procedures. With these updated standards, traveling with a pet in Italy—and throughout Europe—will soon be a more comfortable and accessible experience.

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On Sunday, June 8, and Monday, June 9, 2025, Italian citizens eligible to vote will be called to the polls for a major referendum on five key issues affecting labor rights and citizenship. These abrogative referendums (under Article 75 of the Italian Constitution) allow voters to decide whether to repeal existing laws or specific legal provisions.

Among the five questions, one stands out for its significance to over 2.5 million foreign residents in Italy: the referendum on citizenship. It aims to reduce the minimum required years of legal residence for non-EU adults to apply for Italian citizenship—from the current 10 years to just 5.

What Are Italians Voting On?

The five referendum questions fall under two broad categories:

1. Labor Rights (4 Referendums)

• End to unfair dismissals: Proposes the repeal of parts of the Jobs Act, which limits the right of reinstatement for workers fired without just cause.

• Greater protection for workers in small businesses: Aims to remove the cap on severance compensation for unjust dismissal in companies with fewer than 16 employees.

• Fight against precarious contracts: Seeks to reinstate stricter rules on fixed-term contracts to reduce short-term employment and promote job stability.

• Improved workplace safety: Proposes expanding the liability of principal contractors in case of worksite injuries involving subcontractors, to strengthen prevention and accountability.

2. Citizenship Reform (1 Referendum)

• A faster path to citizenship: This referendum proposes cutting the legal residency requirement from 10 years to 5 for adult non-EU citizens applying for Italian citizenship. The change would modify Article 9 of Law 91/1992, bringing the law back in line with its original version from 1865 and aligning Italy with more inclusive practices already adopted by many other European countries.

Focus: Citizenship in Italy – What Would Change?

Currently, foreign nationals who are not of EU origin must legally reside in Italy for at least 10 continuous years before they are eligible to apply for Italian citizenship through naturalization. The upcoming referendum seeks to halve this period to 5 years, potentially unlocking a faster, more accessible pathway to integration for many long-term residents.

This reform does not alter the other existing requirements for naturalization, which include:

• Demonstrated knowledge of the Italian language (at least B1 level),

• Adequate and stable income,

• No criminal record,

• Compliance with tax obligations,

• No security risks to the state.

If the citizenship referendum passes, it would mark a major shift in Italy’s approach to integration and recognition of long-term foreign residents. The change would especially benefit those who have been living, working, studying, and contributing to Italian society for years without full access to civic participation and national rights.

Why It Matters

Advocates of the reform argue that shortening the required residency period is a long-overdue step toward inclusion and equality. Many foreign nationals in Italy build their lives here, raise families, pay taxes, and send their children to Italian schools. Allowing them to become citizens sooner would promote greater social cohesion and civic involvement.

Opponents may argue that 10 years ensures sufficient time to integrate and contribute to the country, and that any reduction might undermine the value of Italian nationality. However, proponents emphasize that the strict screening process will remain intact, preserving national security and social standards.

Voting Process and Participation

Polling stations will be open:

• Sunday, June 8: 7:00 AM – 11:00 PM

• Monday, June 9: 7:00 AM – 3:00 PM

All Italian citizens aged 18 or older and registered to vote can participate. Voters will receive five separate ballots, one for each referendum question. For a referendum to pass, a majority of valid votes is required, along with a minimum voter turnout of 50%.

Italians living abroad (registered with AIRE – Anagrafe degli Italiani Residenti all’Estero) will vote by mail. Ballots will be sent out by May 21, and must be returned to the local consulate by June 5 to be counted. It is recommended that voters abroad mail their completed ballots as early as possible to avoid delays and ensure their vote is received on time.

The referendum campaign has gained significant traction, with over 4 million signatures collected for the labor-related questions and 637,000 signatures for the citizenship referendum.

Subscribe to our newsletter to access content and updates to help navigate life as an expat in Italy. If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

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Following the passing of Pope Francis, a historic moment is once again unfolding in the heart of Rome. The Conclave to elect the 267th Pope will officially begin on May 7th, 2025, marking a major event in both the Catholic Church and Italian history.

For expats living in Italy, understanding the significance of this process — and even witnessing parts of it — offers a unique opportunity to connect with centuries of tradition and the rich cultural fabric of the country.

What Is the Conclave?

The Conclave is the solemn and highly secretive process by which the College of Cardinals elects a new Pope. It is steeped in centuries of tradition and governed by strict rules to ensure that the decision is guided purely by spiritual and communal discernment.

The word “conclave” itself comes from the Latin cum clave, meaning “with a key” — symbolizing the locked doors behind which cardinals meet, without outside communication.

This year’s Conclave will follow the Novemdiales Masses — nine days of mourning and prayer for Pope Francis — and will be held in the iconic Sistine Chapel of Vatican City, which will remain closed to visitors during this time.

What Happens During the Conclave?

∙ On May 7th, the Cardinal electors will attend a special Mass called Pro Eligendo Papa (“For the Election of the Pope”).

∙ In the afternoon, they will process solemnly into the Sistine Chapel, where each Cardinal elector will swear an oath of secrecy and loyalty to the process.

∙ All non-essential personnel will then be asked to leave (a moment known as “extra omnes”).

∙ The cardinals will listen to a final meditation before beginning the first ballot to elect the new Pope.

The cardinals are strictly isolated from the outside world: no phones, no news, no messages — complete seclusion until the new Pope is chosen.

Voting follows a careful and ancient procedure, requiring a two-thirds majority to elect the new Pope.

How Will We Know a New Pope Has Been Elected?

Look to the sky above St. Peter’s Basilica!

∙ Black smoke (fumata nera) from the Sistine Chapel chimney means no decision yet.

∙ White smoke (fumata bianca) signals that a new Pope has been elected.

Once elected, the new Pope will appear on the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, where the Cardinal Proto-Deacon will proclaim:
“Habemus Papam!” (“We have a Pope!”)
The new Pope will then give his first Urbi et Orbi blessing (“to the city and to the world”).

How Can You Experience It in Person?

If you are in Rome, you can be part of this once-in-a-lifetime moment:

∙ Head to St. Peter’s Square (Piazza San Pietro) during the days following May 7th.

∙ Keep an eye on the Sistine Chapel chimney for the smoke signals.

∙ When white smoke appears, thousands will gather quickly in the Square — stay close and look toward the central balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica for the official announcement.

∙ Public transportation and security will be heavily organized during this period; expect large crowds and allow extra time for travel.

∙ It’s recommended to arrive early if you wish to have a good view, especially once the white smoke rises.

Even if you cannot make it to the Vatican in person, Italian television (RAI 1) and global networks will broadcast the key moments live.

Why Is This Important for Expats?

The election of a new Pope is not just a religious event; it is a profound historical and cultural moment for Italy and the world. The Vatican, located in the heart of Rome, influences Italian society deeply — from traditions and holidays to politics and social issues.

As an expat living in Italy, witnessing this event helps you better understand the cultural heartbeat of your new home and the role the Church continues to play in Italian identity.

Subscribe to our newsletter to access content and updates to help navigate life as an expat in Italy. If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

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Guest Article written by helpmaterome.com

Finding an apartment to rent in Rome is HARD. Demand for rentals is sky-high, so that little place you had your eye on last week has probably already gone by the time you pick up the phone to ask about it. You need to move quickly at all stages: calling, viewing and putting in your offer. But haste can lead to costly mistakes. That’s why I’ve put together this guide, to make sure you’ve got everything covered before you part with your hard-earned cash.

Where to look

Facebook can be a useful resource if you’re looking for a place of your own: check out groups such as Rooms & Apartments for Rent in Rome and Expats in Rome Noticeboard.

However, your most useful resource will likely be the property websites. The three main sites are www.idealista.it,  www.immobiliare.it, and www.casa.it.  The first two allow you to search in English and other languages, whereas casa.it seems only to be available in Italian.

You might also find it useful to look in www.cribmed.com and www.expatslivinginrome.com: while the number of properties on offer is smaller, the advantage is that you know already that the owners are willing to let to foreigners – something that many Italians are reluctant to do.

Short term or long term?

The length of rental contracts is regulated by law in Italy. I cover this topic in more depth elsewhere, but essentially, if you’re looking for a short term let you will need a contratto transitorio, which is for up to 18 months, and if you’re looking for a longer rental, you should watch out for the terms 3+2 or 4+4. These refer in the first case to a contract of 3 years, automatically renewable for 2 years, and in the second to a contract of 4 years, automatically renewable for another 4 years.

(By the way, if you are moving to Rome for 6 months or less you’re better off looking on sites offering tourist accommodation, as you’re unlikely to find anyone willing to rent out “normal” accommodation for such a short period. In this case you will manage everything online and pay up front before arriving, just as with any other holiday accommodation, so the rest of this guide doesn’t apply to you.)

Calling the agency

That’s right, I said “call”! The property websites invite you to message them, but it’s a waste of time – especially if you write in English. In the latter case, your chances of ever hearing back from them are practically zero. 

If you don’t speak Italian, you might get lucky when you call: some of the agencies work extensively or even specialise in the expat market, so you’re likely to find someone who can speak English. 

Before calling, note down anything not mentioned in the ad that might be important to you: contract type, aircon, internet, are pets permitted, dishwasher, washing machine, furnishings, etc. And don’t forget to ask about the security deposit (generally between 1 and 3 months’ rent) and the agency’s commission (anywhere from 1 month’s rent to 15% of the annual rent, in both cases +22% VAT).

The agency will probably ask you some questions about yourself: they won’t want to waste their time on viewings with candidates who don’t meet the landlord’s requirements. Generally, they will ask about your employment situation and how many people will be living with you; for a contratto transitorio, they will also ask why you need a short-term let. This may be because of a fixed term employment contract, attendance of a university course, the need for somewhere to stay while undergoing specialist medical treatment, or something else altogether – the important thing is that you have documentary evidence of the reason (your job contract or letter of acceptance from the college, a letter from the specialist doctor, etc.), as this is a legal requirement for this type of contract. You won’t need to show the evidence at this stage, but you will need it when you put in an offer.

For higher-end properties, there may also be a requirement for a fideussione bancaria – a bank guarantee.

The viewing process

One important point to note is that in Italy, it’s not common practice to engage your own realtor to accompany you on viewings to properties offered by other agencies. This means you will have to organise viewings individually with each agency. For this and other organisational reasons, you’re unlikely to be able to view several properties on the same day.

At the viewing, check that everything is as advertised, as well as verifying anything else you asked about. Also look for any obvious maintenance work that needs to be done: under Italian law, tenants are responsible for routine maintenance, so if anything’s not working, you should ask for it to be fixed as a condition of your proposal.

Other points to check: is there a concierge? Will utility contracts remain in the landlord’s name (and the bills be added to the rent) or will you have to change them to your name? How much do they come to each month, roughly speaking?  How does rubbish collection work: is it door-to-door (if so, how often?) or through communal bins on the street? Is the central heating independent or centralised for the entire condominium? How noisy is the apartment with the windows closed? How dark with the lights off? For furnished properties, is the landlord willing to remove/add furnishings (e.g., remove an unwanted table or add an extra bed or a clothes dryer?) Are instructions available for essential fittings (such as the boiler and any thermostats)? How easy is it to park nearby?

Red flags: Evasive responses from the agent (or landlord, if they’re renting directly). Signs of mould or insect infestation, unpleasant smells, general neglect and dirt – both in the apartment itself and in the condominium. (Note that the installation of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors in rented apartments is not required under Italian law, nor do there need to be any fire extinguishers.) 

Making an offer

Once you’ve found the right place, you need to move quickly. You will need to provide some or all of the following: a copy of your ID, proof of income, employment contract/tax return, references from previous landlords, bank guarantee (if required), and (for a contratto transitorio) documentary evidence of your need for a short-term let, so make sure you have them ready. You will also need to back up your offer with the equivalent of one month’s rent (the holding deposit): this can be paid by cheque, in cash or (if the agency is willing) by bank transfer, and will be returned to you if the landlord decides not to accept your offer (if your application is accepted, it will form part of your security deposit).  

In your proposal, you can add any conditions to your offer: e.g. installation, repair or replacement of a dishwasher or oven, removal of unneeded furnishings, repainting of the walls, replacing light fittings, etc. You can also try proposing a lower rent than advertised, although in most cases it’s unlikely to be accepted.

Most agencies have their own template and will help you fill it in.

The proposal should include the following details:

• your details;
• address and cadastral description of the apartment; description of the number and type of rooms; 
• owner and/or landlord’s details;
• monthly rent;
• duration of contract, start date;
• the amount of the security deposit;
• the amount of the holding deposit and who it will be held by;
• How long your proposal is valid for (I recommend a maximum of 15 days, but 7-10 days is preferable);
• Authorisation of the processing of your personal data under the EU GDPR.

At this point the agency may also ask you to sign a contract committing to pay their commission, although they usually wait until the landlord has accepted your offer.

Signing the contract

Once your offer has been accepted, the agency will arrange a meeting with you and the landlord to sign the rental contract. At this point, you will have to pay the rest of the security deposit, the first month’s rent and the agency’s commission.

The agent will go through the contract point by point to make sure that everyone understands and agrees with them: you can still ask for amendments at this stage if there are any errors or omissions.

The rental contract will typically contain the following clauses:

• landlord’s identifying details and address;
• your identifying details and address;
• address and cadastral description of the apartment; description of the number and type of rooms;
• duration, start and end date of the rental period;
• conditions for renewal at the end of the period;
• conditions for renewal at the end of the first renewal period;
• conditions for tenant’s early withdrawal from the contract;
• conditions under which the apartment is let (e.g. residential use);
• (if applicable) tenant’s conditions;
• conditions for handing over, maintaining and returning the apartment;
• rental fee and how it should be paid;
• (if applicable): landlord’s option to use the cedolare secca tax regime;
• additional fees (generally the monthly condominium fee, normally paid directly to the landlord in addition to the monthly rent. It may also include utilities and other expenses, depending on what has been agreed);
• consequences of defaulting on/late payments;
• security deposit: amount and conditions for its return at the end of the contract,
• (if applicable) special conditions relating to fittings and installations;
• modifications to the property;
• repairs;
• landlord’s access to the property;
• conditions if the landlord intends to sell the property during the renal period;
• damage by third parties and interruptions to services;
• election of domicile;
• address for correspondence between the parties;
• contractual modifications and place of jurisdiction;
• privacy declaration;
• registration fees and stamp duty;
• Provision of documents (e.g. energy certificate and boiler instructions);
• Specific approval of various clauses in accordance with the Italian civil code.

Once the contract has been signed and all moneys have been paid, you will (assuming the contract is effective immediately) be handed the keys. While the agency should already have done an inventory, if possible you should ask the agent and/or landlord to check the property with you at this point, to ensure that all is in order.
And that’s it! Enjoy your new home.

Final Thoughts

Finding the right rental contract in Rome depends on the length of your stay, your specific needs, and what landlords are willing to offer. Whether you’re here for a few months or planning a more permanent move, understanding these options will help you make an informed decision. 

If all this seems too daunting to manage on your own, or if you simply don’t speak enough (or any) Italian, count on me! I can support you at every step of the way: from making enquiries and arranging viewings to liaising with agencies and landlords and helping you negotiate conditions and understand the contract, I’ll be there for you. Book your free consultation with Helpmate Rome now!  

Disclaimer: Please note the above information is shared in good faith but is not intended and should not be construed as legal advice, and might not reflect current Italian law. I recommend consulting a lawyer for any legal or contractual concerns you may have.

The full version of this article is available here 

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Italy has entered a period of official mourning, or duelo, following the passing of His Holiness Pope Francis I on April 21, 2025. For foreign residents within the capital, the customs and procedures associated with a papal demise and subsequent election may present unfamiliar traditions. This article endeavors to illuminate the role of the papacy, the anticipated funeral rites, and the complex process by which a new pontiff is chosen.

Who is the Pope?

At the heart of the Catholic Church, which boasts over a billion followers worldwide, stands the Pope. He is the Bishop of Rome, and as such, is considered the successor of Saint Peter, whom Jesus Christ appointed as the first head of the Church. This lineage, known as the Apostolic Succession, is a cornerstone of Catholic belief.

The Pope holds immense significance for Catholics globally. He serves as the spiritual leader, the ultimate authority on matters of faith and morals, and the visible head of the Church on Earth. His pronouncements on doctrine (when speaking ex cathedra, a rare and solemn occasion) are considered infallible. Beyond his spiritual role, the Pope is also the head of state of Vatican City, the independent city-state located within Rome. This dual role gives him a unique position on the world stage, often involved in diplomatic efforts and speaking out on global issues of peace, justice, and human rights.

Pope Francis I, before his papacy, was known as Jorge Mario Bergoglio. Elected on March 13, 2013, he was the first Pope from the Americas and the first Jesuit to hold the office. His papacy was marked by a focus on social justice, environmental concerns (as articulated in his encyclical Laudato Si’), and a call for a more merciful and inclusive Church. His approachable style and direct engagement with the faithful resonated with many, both within and outside the Catholic community.

The Significance of Duelo (Mourning):

The declaration of duelo in Italy signifies a period of national mourning and respect for the deceased Pope. While the specifics of how this will manifest in daily life for expats might vary, you can expect to see signs of mourning throughout Rome and the country. This could include flags flown at half-mast, moments of silence observed, and potentially the cancellation or postponement of public events. It’s a time for reflection and for showing solidarity with the Catholic community and the nation as a whole.

The Papal Funeral (Funerale del Papa):

The funeral rites for a Pope are steeped in tradition and are a significant event in the Catholic world. While the exact details for Pope Francis I’s funeral will be formally announced, we can draw upon historical precedent to understand the likely proceedings:

• Lying in State: The Pope’s body will likely lie in state, first privately for Vatican officials and then publicly, likely in St. Peter’s Basilica. This allows the faithful to pay their respects. Expect large crowds and potentially long queues.
• The Novendiali (Nine Days of Mourning): Traditionally, there is a nine-day period of mourning following the Pope’s death. During this time, special Masses, known as Novendiali, are celebrated for the repose of the Pope’s soul.
• The Funeral Mass: The funeral Mass itself will be a grand and solemn occasion, held in St. Peter’s Square. It will be attended by high-ranking clergy, heads of state, and representatives from various religions and international organizations. The liturgy will include specific prayers and rituals for a deceased Pope. The funeral Mass for Pope Francis will take place on Saturday, April 26, 2025, at 10:00 AM, marking the first day of the Novendiali. It will be celebrated on the steps of St. Peter’s Basilica, in accordance with the Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis (nn. 82-109), and will be presided over by His Eminence Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, Dean of the College of Cardinals.
• Burial: Historically, Popes have been buried in the crypt beneath St. Peter’s Basilica. However, it was reported earlier that Pope Francis expressed a desire to be buried in the Basilica of Saint Mary Major, one of the four major basilicas in Rome and a place of particular devotion for him. His wishes will likely be honored.

Given the current situation and the location of Rome, expats living here will undoubtedly witness these events unfold. Be prepared for increased crowds around the Vatican area and potential disruptions to traffic. Showing respect for the solemnity of the occasion is greatly appreciated.

Electing a New Pope (L’Elezione del Nuovo Papa):

The process of electing a new Pope is a unique and secretive one, known as the Papal Conclave. Here’s a breakdown of how it typically works:

• The Vacant See (Sede Vacante): The period between the death of a Pope and the election of his successor is known as the sede vacante. During this time, the governance of the Catholic Church is overseen by the College of Cardinals.
• Entering the Conclave: Within 15 to 20 days after the Pope’s death, the Cardinal electors – those Cardinals under the age of 80 – gather in Vatican City. They are sequestered in the Sistine Chapel, cut off from the outside world to prevent any undue influence.
• Voting: The Cardinals participate in multiple rounds of secret balloting. A two-thirds majority is required to elect a new Pope.
• Smoke Signals: A traditional signal is used to inform the outside world of the progress of the election:
 · Black smoke (fumata nera) indicates that no Pope has been elected. This is typically produced by burning the ballots along with straw.
 · White smoke (fumata bianca) signals that a new Pope has been elected. This is achieved by burning the ballots without straw, sometimes with the addition of a chemical to ensure a clear white color.
• “Habemus Papam!” (“We have a Pope!”): Once a Pope is elected and has accepted, the senior Cardinal Deacon appears on the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica and announces to the world, “Habemus Papam!” followed by the new Pope’s chosen name.
• The Inauguration: The newly elected Pope then addresses the crowds in St. Peter’s Square and celebrates his inaugural Mass, formally beginning his pontificate.

As residents of Rome, you will have a front-row seat to this historic process. The anticipation surrounding the white smoke and the subsequent announcement is always a moment of intense global interest.

The passing of a Pope is a significant moment for the Catholic Church and for the world. While the traditions might seem intricate, they are deeply rooted in history and faith. Understanding these customs allows us to better appreciate the cultural and religious significance of this time. Let us observe this period of duelo with respect and be mindful of the profound traditions unfolding around us.

For updates on Italian immigration and expat-related topics, be sure to subscribe to our newsletter or contact us for a consultation!

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Whether you’re religious or not, Easter is a great opportunity to visit Italy or acquire an Italian mindset. The weather is pleasant, and there are numerous intriguing customs to observe, ranging from sprinting monks and massive sculptures to colorful processions and larger-than-life reenactments.

The Papal Mass and Urbi et Orbi Blessing in Vatican City

The Mass in St. Peter’s Square, Vatican City, is one of the most significant and emblematic events in Italy during Easter. As an expat, you won’t want to miss this special Easter Sunday Mass and the renowned Urbi et Orbi (To the City and the World) benediction. Thousands of travelers from all over the world gather for this sacred occasion, making it a truly unforgettable experience. The Urbi et Orbi Blessing will take place at the Papal Chapel in St. Peter’s Square at 10:30 AM. You can secure your place here.

Scoppio del Carro in Florence (Explosion of the Cart)

A journey to Florence is a must for any expat residing in Italy, and there is no better opportunity to experience the city’s magic than during Easter. Witness the magnificent Scoppio del Carro (Explosion of the Cart), a spectacular event that takes place on Easter Sunday in front of the Duomo. A huge wooden cart, pulled by white oxen and loaded with fireworks, is ignited by a dove-shaped rocket that flies from the altar of the cathedral. The explosion is supposed to bring good luck and a good harvest to the city. 

On Sunday, April 20, the Carro del Fuoco (Cart of Fire), accompanied by the Historical Procession of the Florentine Republic, departs from the Via Il Prato depot at 7:30 AM, traveling through Borgo Ognissanti, Piazza Goldoni, Via della Vigna Nuova, Via Strozzi, Piazza della Repubblica, and Via Roma before arriving at Piazza Duomo by 9:30 AM. Fifteen minutes later, the drawing of lots for the San Giovanni Tournament matches sets the stage for the day’s celebrations. The grand spectacle culminates at 11:00 AM with the Scoppio del Carro.

La Madonna Che Scappa in Sulmona’s Piazza

Visit the picturesque village of Sulmona in the Abruzzo region for a genuine Italian Easter celebration. One of the most cherished traditions is La Madonna che Scappa in Piazza (The Madonna Who Runs), a reenactment of the meeting between the Virgin Mary and the resurrected Jesus. Taking place on Easter Sunday at 12:00 PM in Piazza Garibaldi, Sulmona, this dramatic event begins with a statue of the Madonna, dressed in black, carried in procession to the main square. As she recognizes her Son, she rushes toward the statue of Jesus, dropping her black cloak to reveal a green dress, symbolizing joy and renewal. The crowd erupts in celebration, cheering and throwing petals and confetti into the air. This one-of-a-kind and heartwarming re-enactment represents the moment the Virgin Mary is believed to have reunited with Jesus after his resurrection. Music, processions, and locals in traditional costumes fill the town’s main plaza, creating a joyful and immersive atmosphere.

Photo from yesabruzzo.com

Stroll through Bologna to the Sanctuary of the Madonna of San Luca

Easter festivities in Bologna may be less extravagant, but the cuisine is not. Bologna, known as one of the most “golosa” or gluttonous towns in Italy, has a variety of distinctive Easter dishes. At Easter Sunday brunch, serve tortellini in brodo (tortellini in broth) alongside lasagna prepared with fresh spinach or asparagus. Complement your spaghetti with piadina, crescentine, or tigelle – Emilia-Romagna breads garnished with mortadella, prosciutto, and squacerone cheese! Join the residents on Easter Monday for a customary walk along the arcades from Meloncello to the Sanctuary of the Madonna of San Luca, followed by an Easter picnic in the sun.

Vasa Vasa in Sicily

Modica, Sicily, holds two distinct processions on Easter Sunday morning, one led by a figure of the Risen Christ and the other by the Virgin Mary dressed in black. The processions begin at 10:00 AM from Corso Umberto I, taking separate paths through town before meeting in Corso Umberto. The Virgin, overcome with joy at seeing her Son, stretches out to embrace him, her limbs lifting in an expression of devotion. To the sounds of a brass band, church bells, and fireworks, she places two kisses on his face—a gesture known in Sicilian as “Vasa Vasa”. This emotional encounter takes place at Piazza Municipio at 12:00 PM, where confetti erupts from the Virgin’s gilded crown, signaling the beginning of the grand Easter celebration.

Photo from siciliainfesta.com

 

What to Eat During Easter in Italy

Easter in Italy is a true culinary feast. Traditional dishes include:

Roast lamb or goat with artichokes, potatoes, or fava beans

 

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Abbacchio alla Romana (Lazio)

 

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Agnello cacio e ova (Abruzzo)

 

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Agnello con le olive (Puglia)

 

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Desserts:

Colomba Pasquale: Dove-shaped cake with almonds and candied peel

 

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Pastiera Napoletana: A Neapolitan pie with ricotta, wheat, and orange blossom water

 

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Cassata Siciliana: Sponge cake with ricotta, candied fruits, and marzipan

 

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Schiacciata di Pasqua: Anise-scented Easter bread from Tuscany

 

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Easter Monday – Pasquetta Traditions

Easter Monday (April 21, 2025) is a national holiday. Italians typically go on day trips or enjoy picnics in nature. Popular Pasquetta destinations include:

Castelli Romani (near Rome)

 

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Cinque Terre, Liguria

 

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Lake Garda, Northern Italy

 

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Day Trips: Assisi, San Gimignano, Alberobello

 

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Easter for Kids in Italy

While the Easter Bunny isn’t as popular here, Italian kids look forward to giant chocolate eggs with toys inside—brands like Kinder, Lindt, and Perugina are favorites. In Sardinia, children receive Sa Pippia, a bread doll with seven legs—each removed daily during Holy Week.

 

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Easter in Italy is a beautiful blend of faith, food, culture, and community. Whether you’re joining a procession, indulging in traditional meals, or just soaking up spring in the piazza, there’s no better time to connect with Italian culture.

And for more travel inspiration in Italy or legal advice to move here, be sure to check out our blog and our social gatherings happening in Rome! You can also email us at legal@expatslivinginrome.com.

Also, don’t forget to check out our Social Media accounts and Newsletter so you can join us in the next Social Meet-ups for Expats! 

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Spring in Italy is a magical time. The weather is warm but not too hot, the flowers are in full bloom, and the cities come alive with festivals, outdoor activities, and cultural events. For expats living in Italy, it’s the perfect time to explore the country’s diverse landscapes and vibrant culture. Here’s a breakdown of the best things to do in Italy during spring, with a focus on cities that are popular among expats: Rome, Milan, Florence, and Bologna.

Rome

1. Rome’s EUR pond and Botanical Garden offer serene Hanami experiences each spring, with cherry blossoms creating picturesque scenes for picnics and cultural appreciation. The “Passeggiata del Giappone” and garden events provide tranquil escapes into Japanese spring traditions.

 

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2. The Spanish Steps erupt in a vibrant azalea display each spring, transforming the iconic landmark into a cascading floral spectacle. This annual tradition blends historical grandeur with natural beauty, attracting locals and tourists alike to witness the colorful transformation.

 

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3. Picnic in Villa Borghese Gardens Rome’s central park, Villa Borghese, is a peaceful escape from the bustling city streets. With blooming flowers, lush greenery, and a serene lake, it’s the perfect spot for a spring picnic. You can even rent a bike or a rowboat to enjoy the park in style.

 

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4. Rome celebrates its legendary founding, “Natale di Roma,” on April 21st, marking the day Romulus is said to have established the city in 753 BC. Festivities include historical reenactments, parades, and fireworks, bringing ancient Roman traditions to life.

 

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5. Visit the Vatican Gardens. The Vatican Gardens, usually closed to the public, open for limited tours during the spring months. This is a unique chance to explore the lush greenery and beautiful landscapes behind the Vatican walls.

 

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Milan

1. Stroll Through Sempione Park. Milan’s Sempione Park is a beautiful green space ideal for a spring walk or a relaxing afternoon. It’s located next to the iconic Sforzesco Castle, so you can enjoy both nature and history at the same time. Don’t miss the Arco della Pace (Arch of Peace), which marks the entrance to the park.

 

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2. Discover the Art Scene. Milan is known for its world-class museums and galleries. In spring, exhibitions often shift, bringing fresh and exciting art to explore. Visit the Pinacoteca di Brera, or catch a glimpse of Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper at the Santa Maria delle Grazie church (remember to book tickets in advance).

 

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3. Enjoy a Spring Aperitivo. Milan is renowned for its aperitivo culture. As the weather warms up, many bars and restaurants open outdoor seating areas where you can enjoy a drink while watching the world go by. Head to the Navigli district for scenic canalside aperitivos or to the fashionable Brera neighborhood for a chic atmosphere.

 

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4. Attend the Salone del Mobile. If you’re an expat living in Milan in April, don’t miss the Salone del Mobile (Milan Furniture Fair), one of the most important design events in the world. Even if you’re not in the interior design industry, it’s an incredible opportunity to see cutting-edge design and attend exclusive events.

 

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Check out 20 Places to Explore in Milan – A Local’s Guide

Florence

1. Visit the Boboli Gardens. Florence is a city that celebrates art, culture, and beauty, and spring is the perfect time to experience it all. The Boboli Gardens, located behind the Pitti Palace, are one of the most beautiful green spaces in the city. Stroll through the perfectly manicured gardens and enjoy spectacular views of Florence and the Tuscan hills beyond.

 

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2. Wine Tours in Chianti. Spring is the ideal time to take a wine tour through the Chianti region, which is just a short drive from Florence. The vineyards begin to come alive, and you’ll be able to taste some of Italy’s best wines in their most vibrant season. Many tours include visits to charming hilltop towns like Greve in Chianti and Radda in Chianti.

 

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3. Enjoy the Festa di San Giovanni. Florence’s patron saint, San Giovanni, is celebrated in June 24, but the festivities leading up to the event in spring are worth noting. Expect medieval parades, flag throwing, and plenty of local traditions. The highlight is often the traditional Calcio Storico, an ancient game played in the streets.

 

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4. Explore the Uffizi Gallery. No visit to Florence is complete without a trip to the Uffizi Gallery, home to masterpieces by Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci.

 

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Bologna

1. Wander Through the Porticoes. Bologna is known for its beautiful porticoes (covered walkways) that stretch for miles throughout the city. In spring, the pleasant weather makes it perfect for wandering the streets and enjoying the vibrant atmosphere of this university city. The porticoes provide shade on warm days, making it a comfortable spot to explore year-round.

 

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2. Indulge in a Food Tour. Bologna is often called the gastronomic capital of Italy, and spring is the ideal season to savor its culinary delights. Take a guided food tour and enjoy tasting local specialties like tagliatelle al ragù (Bolognese sauce), tortellini, and fresh Parmesan cheese. The spring season also brings fresh produce to the markets, so be sure to sample the best seasonal ingredients.

 

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3. Explore Hidden Gardens. Uncover Bologna’s secret gardens during the spring event on May 17–18, 2025, with over 40 private green spaces open to the public. Enjoy guided tours, performances, and workshops suited for all ages. Experience the city’s hidden beauty from its historic center to the countryside.

 

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Spring is the ideal season to discover Italy, offering a pleasant climate, cultural events, stunning landscapes, and diverse attractions to explore.

 

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Guest Article written by Stefano from senseitalian.com

If you’ve ever tried learning a new language, you know how frustrating it can be. You start out full of motivation, eager to dive into a new world of words and expressions. But soon, reality hits: native speakers talk too fast, grammar feels overwhelming, and even though you spend hours on vocabulary apps, you struggle to form basic sentences in real conversations.

It’s not your fault—language learning is often taught the wrong way. Many methods focus on memorization, grammar drills, and isolated words without real context. But if you think about how children learn their first language, it’s never by studying lists of words or conjugation tables. Instead, they absorb the language through meaningful exposure—by listening, understanding, and gradually starting to use it themselves.

So, what’s the best way to learn Italian? The truth is, there’s no one perfect answer. However, what we do know is that some methods work much better than others. And we definitely know what doesn’t work—repeating random sentences from an app, memorizing isolated words without context, or hoping that grammar exercises alone will make you fluent.

Over the years, I’ve explored different techniques to find what truly works. As an expat myself, I’ve had to integrate into new places multiple times—like when I moved to Brussels to study. I know what it’s like to feel disconnected from the people and the culture because of a language barrier. That’s why I searched for a learning method that felt natural and effective.

The breakthrough for me was discovering the Input Method—a way of learning based on being exposed to language that’s slightly above your level but still understandable. This method changed everything. Suddenly, learning any language stopped feeling like a struggle, and I started to enjoy it. Instead of trying to memorize rules, I was absorbing the language by reading, listening, and experiencing it in a way that felt meaningful.

And that’s exactly what I want to share with you.

So, How can You do it?

While there’s no single formula for fluency, research shows that the best way to learn a language is through comprehensible input—exposure to Italian that you can mostly understand, but that also challenges you just enough. This way, your brain naturally picks up new words, phrases, and grammar structures in context, without the need for painful memorization.

That said, simply being exposed to the language isn’t enough—you also need the right kind of input and practice. Here’s what I’ve found to be the most effective:

✅ The Best Way to Learn Italian

1. Listen as much as possible – Podcasts, YouTube videos, and audiobooks expose you to the rhythm and melody of Italian. Even if you don’t understand everything at first, your brain starts to absorb patterns naturally.

2. Read stories at your level – Books, articles, and adapted stories help you learn new words and grammar naturally, without overwhelming you.

3. Use a tutor or structured course – Speaking is essential. A tutor helps you practice, corrects mistakes, and provides guidance.

4. Focus on context, not just rules – Instead of memorizing grammar, learn how it’s used in real life. Grammar will start making sense on its own.

5. Repeat and reinforce – Revisiting content and practicing regularly helps solidify what you’ve learned.

When I discovered these techniques, my experience with language learning completely changed. Instead of seeing my target language as something I had to “study,” it became something I could enjoy. I no longer felt stuck, constantly translating in my head. I was reading books, watching movies, and even having real conversations—all because I had the right approach. And the best part? I wasn’t just learning a language; I was experiencing the culture in a whole new way.

The Tools You Need to Succeed

To make progress in Italian, you need the right tools. But let’s be honest—finding quality resources and making them work together can be overwhelming. You might start with a podcast, then try to read a book, then follow a YouTube channel, but without a clear structure, it’s easy to feel lost.

I know this struggle well. That’s why I created Sense Italian—not just as a course, but as the resource I wish I had when I was learning as an expat. I wanted something that combined listening, reading, speaking, and culture in a way that felt natural, engaging, and effective.

Here are some essential tools for learning Italian effectively:

• Podcasts – Great for training your ear 

• YouTube Channels – Native speakers explaining real-life Italian

• Adapted Books & Stories – Stories at your level, so you don’t get lost

• Tutors & Courses – Structured guidance to make sure you stay on track

With Sense Italian, I’ve put all of these elements together into one comprehensive, personalized learning experience.

Learn Italian with Sense Italian

With my story-based approach, you don’t just study Italian—you experience it. Instead of dry grammar exercises, you learn through adapted stories from classic Italian literature, written at your level so that you can truly enjoy them.

The best part? You can personalize your course. Want to learn Italian by reading your favorite book? I can adapt it for you, so that you can learn through something you love.

Here’s what you’ll get in the course:

✅ Live lessons – One-on-one practice to reinforce what you learn
✅ Adapted stories – Classic Italian literature rewritten at your level
✅ Summaries & translations – So you always understand the context
✅ Exclusive podcast – Reinforce learning through audio immersion
✅ Cultural notes – Learn about Italian culture while improving your language skills
✅ Exercises – Practice and reinforce what you’ve learned

This course is designed to give you everything you need to succeed—without the frustration of searching for resources on your own.

Final Thoughts – More Than Just a Language

Learning Italian isn’t just about memorizing words—it’s about connecting with the culture, the people, and the history. The problem is, many learners feel blocked by traditional methods that make language learning feel mechanical and uninspiring.

With Sense Italian, you don’t just learn the language—you live it. You get to explore Italy’s rich cultural heritage through literature, discover the beauty of the language in a way that feels natural, and most importantly, break through the language barrier so that you can fully integrate into life in Italy.

And remember, the course is fully personalizable—if you have a favorite book or story, I can adapt it so that you learn in a way that’s meaningful to you.

So if you’re ready to finally start enjoying Italian and learning in a way that feels natural, effective, and fun, join me at Sense Italian. I’d love to help you on your journey.

 

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The beautiful architecture, magnificent cuisine, and rich history make Italy a dream destination for many expats. While life in Italy offers countless delights, taking care of your health should be a top priority when living here as an expat.

Getting travel insurance for expats living abroad doesn’t just tick a box; it’s your gateway to complete peace of mind while living La Dolce Vita in Italy. Let’s explore why Auras has become the game-changing insurance provider for expats in Italy, offering unique benefits you won’t find anywhere else.

Why Expats Need Medical Insurance in Italy

Even though Italy is filled with wonders around every corner, the healthcare system can be complex to navigate. That’s why having proper expat health insurance isn’t just important – it’s essential. Here’s why:
• Public Healthcare Isn’t Always Free – Even though Italy has an exceptional healthcare system, not everything is free for expats. Many services require upfront payment, and waiting times can be lengthy.
• Private Healthcare is Pricey – Private healthcare offers swift service but can be extremely expensive without adequate insurance coverage. A simple specialist consultation can cost €150-200.
• Emergencies Happen – Medical emergencies don’t wait for convenient times. A robust expat medical insurance policy ensures immediate access to care when you need it most.
• Prescription Medications – While some basic medications are affordable, specialized prescriptions can cost a fortune without insurance coverage.
• Long-Term Health Needs – Expats need comprehensive plans that cover everything from routine check-ups to dental work and maternity care.

What Makes Auras the Revolutionary Choice For Expats?

Auras stands out with its groundbreaking “Dual Protection” feature – a unique combination of comprehensive local healthcare coverage and unlimited global travel insurance. Here’s what makes our solution extraordinary:

Exclusive Dual Protection System
• Local + Global Coverage: Unlike traditional insurers, we provide both local medical coverage in Italy AND worldwide travel insurance with no day limits
• 48-Hour Quick Start: Your protection begins just 48 hours after payment, getting you covered faster than traditional policies
• Zero Citizenship Restrictions: Your nationality or residency status doesn’t matter – we cover everyone
• Lifetime Protection Guarantee: Whether you’re 1 or 100, we’ve got you covered! From young professionals starting their Italian adventure to retirees enjoying their golden years under the Roman sun, our age-inclusive policy ensures nobody is left behind
• Embassy-Ready Insurance: Our insurance policies meet standard visa application requirements, providing you with all necessary documentation in a clear, embassy-friendly format. While the visa application process remains your responsibility, you can be confident that your Auras insurance documentation meets the standard requirements for visa applications
• Visa Rejection Protection: We understand the financial stress of visa applications. If your visa application is rejected, we’ll reimburse your consular fee, minimizing your financial risk

Why Choose Auras Insurance?

✓ Dual Protection: Local healthcare + Global travel coverage
✓ Fast 48-hour activation
✓ Coverage for ages 1-100
✓ Visa rejection protection with consular fee reimbursement
✓ No citizenship restrictions
✓ Clear, embassy-ready documentation
✓ 98% customer satisfaction rate
✓ 24/7 Multichannel customer support from Auras via chat, email, and phone

Why Too Affordable Travel Insurance Isn’t Always the Best Choice

When searching for expat insurance in Italy, beware of suspiciously low-cost options. Many budget plans come with severe restrictions, such as high deductibles and limited coverage. Auras offers competitive rates while ensuring comprehensive protection – providing real value for your money. For example, while a budget plan might save you €200 annually, one emergency could cost you thousands in out-of-pocket expenses.

How to Get Covered with Auras

Getting insured with Auras is quick and straightforward:
1. Visit Auras’ website to explore available plans
2. Select a policy matching your needs and budget
3. Complete the online application in less than 5 minutes
4. Receive your policy via email

 

Special Offer for Smart Expats!

Exclusive Discount Alert: Use promocode WRTY10082 during checkout to receive a 10% discount on your annual insurance plan. This special offer gives you access to all premium features while saving money for your Roman adventures!

Final Thoughts

Being in Italy as an expatriate can be extraordinary, and with Auras’ revolutionary Dual Protection system, you can truly embrace every moment without worry. Whether you need coverage for routine visits, emergencies, or visa requirements, Auras’ expat medical insurance has you covered – both in Italy and worldwide.

Start your Italian adventure today with peace of mind – use code WRTY10082 for your 10% discount!

 

 

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The European Union is making significant changes to its driving licence regulations, with a strong focus on road safety, digital transformation, and facilitating free movement. One of the most notable developments is the introduction of the European Digital Driving Licence, as outlined in the proposed Directive of the European Parliament and the Council. This initiative aims to streamline administrative procedures and enhance the driving experience for residents across the EU. Here’s what you need to know about this upcoming transformation.

Context and Objectives

The EU has made considerable progress in road safety over the past two decades. However, with progress slowing in recent years, the EU has renewed its commitment to achieving its “Vision Zero” goal—eliminating road fatalities by 2050. The proposed directive supports this goal through several key measures:

• Enhancing road safety by improving driver training, testing, and medical fitness evaluations.

• Facilitating free movement by eliminating unnecessary administrative barriers and ensuring mutual recognition of driving licences across EU member states.

• Promoting digital transformation by introducing a standardized EU-wide mobile (digital) driving licence.

Key Changes and Implications for Expats

1. Digital Driving Licence

One of the most significant changes is the rollout of a European Digital Driving Licence, designed to simplify administrative procedures and improve cross-border recognition. Expats in Italy should expect:

• Increased convenience in accessing and renewing their licences.

• A reduction in paperwork and bureaucratic hurdles.

• A digitalized approach that aligns with the broader shift toward digital services across the EU.

2. Fitness to Drive

The directive places a stronger emphasis on medical fitness for driving, shifting away from age-based assessments and towards health-based evaluations. This means:

• More rigorous physical and mental health checks.

• Potential for more frequent medical examinations for certain drivers.

3. Driving Licence Validity

The EU is working to harmonize the validity periods of driving licences across member states, which will:

• Simplify the process of renewing and exchanging licences.

• Reduce bureaucratic inconsistencies between different countries.

4. Exchange of Third-Country Licences

For non-EU expats, obtaining an Italian licence can be complex. The directive aims to:

• Establish more uniform rules across the EU for exchanging third-country licences.

• Provide clarity and ease for expats moving between EU countries.

5. Language Barriers in Driving Tests

The new rules recognize the challenges that expats face due to language barriers. Proposed measures include:

• Language assistance options for driving tests.

• Easier access to translated materials or multilingual testing options.

6. Benefits for Professional Drivers

The directive also introduces specific rules aimed at reducing administrative burdens for professional drivers. This could help address shortages of truck and bus drivers in the EU by making it easier for them to work across borders.

The Utrecht Interoperability Tests: A Key Step Forward

At the end of February 2025, digital identity wallet issuers and relying parties gathered in Utrecht, the Netherlands, to test the interoperability of mobile driving licences across European countries. This event was crucial in:

• Ensuring cross-border recognition of the digital licence.

• Strengthening fraud prevention measures through advanced security protocols.

• Streamlining vehicle rental services by making it easier to verify licences online and in person.

The tests involved two primary scenarios:

• Proximity presentation using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for on-the-spot licence verification.

• Remote presentation via internet-based verification, useful for online transactions such as vehicle rentals.

Participants from countries including Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, and many others worked to identify technical and regulatory challenges in preparation for the full rollout of the digital driving licence.

Why This Matters for Expats in Italy

For expats in Italy, these changes will bring several advantages:

• Simplified administrative processes for obtaining, renewing, or exchanging licences.

• Greater flexibility in using digital identification for various services, including travel and rentals.

• A safer driving environment due to enhanced road safety measures.

• More inclusive regulations that take into account language barriers and third-country licence exchanges.

What’s Next?

The European Digital Driving Licence is set to be integrated into the broader European Digital Identity Wallet, with full implementation expected by 2026. Key milestones include:

• March 1, 2023 – The European Commission proposes the digital driving licence.

• February 28, 2024 – The European Parliament adopts its position on the revision of the Driving Licence Directive.

• February 26-27, 2025 – Interoperability tests take place in Utrecht, Netherlands.

• 2026 – Expected rollout of the European Digital Identity Wallet.

 

Subscribe to our newsletter to access content and updates to help navigate life as an expat in Italy. If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

 

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If you’re an expat living in Italy or just moved here, one of the most confusing and costly mistakes you can make is unknowingly entering a Zona a Traffico Limitato (ZTL). These restricted traffic zones are common in historic city centers and are designed to reduce congestion and pollution. Violating ZTL rules can lead to hefty fines, so understanding how they work is essential.

What is a ZTL?

A Zona a Traffico Limitato (ZTL) is a restricted traffic area where only authorized vehicles are allowed to enter during specific hours. These areas are monitored by cameras that automatically register license plates, and if you drive into a ZTL without permission, you’ll receive a fine. The penalty can range from €80 to €300 per infraction, depending on the city and the number of violations.

Who Can Enter a ZTL?

Generally, access is granted to:

• Residents with a permit

• Public transportation and emergency vehicles

• Hotel guests (some hotels in ZTL areas can request temporary access for their guests, but you must arrange it in advance)

• Electric vehicles (in some cities, they are allowed to enter without fines)

• Disabled drivers with proper authorization

How to Avoid ZTL Fines

1. Look for Signs: ZTL zones are clearly marked with a red and white circular sign and often display time restrictions.

2. Use Navigation Apps: Google Maps and Waze sometimes warn about ZTLs, but apps like mooneygo or moovitapp provide more accurate local traffic restrictions.

3. Park Outside the ZTL: Many Italian cities have designated parking areas outside restricted zones where you can leave your car and take public transport or walk.

4. Request a Temporary Permit: If you need access for specific reasons (such as hotel stays), ask in advance for temporary authorization.

5. Consider Car Alternatives: Using public transport, taxis, or renting electric scooters and bikes can help avoid ZTL fines.

ZTL Rules by Major Italian Cities

Since many expats live in cities with active ZTLs, here’s a breakdown of key regulations in the most popular areas:

Rome

• ZTL areas cover most of the historic center.

• Restrictions vary by time of day: daytime ZTL hours are usually from 6:30 AM to 6:00 PM (Monday–Friday) and 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM (Saturday), while nighttime ZTLs (“ZTL notturna”) usually operate from 11:00 PM to 3:00 AM (Friday–Saturday).

• Residents and hotel guests can apply for access permits.

Milan

• Milan has an Area C zone, which functions as a congestion charge area rather than a ZTL.

• To enter the ZTL, you must purchase a daily pass and register your vehicle. For non-residents or for residents exceeding their reduced-rate limit, the cost is €7.50 per day. Residents receive their first 40 entries into the ZTL for free each year. After the 40th entry, the daily cost becomes €3.00. Electric cars can enter for free.

• The “Area B” is a larger zone, that limits the access to the most polluting vehicles.

• It is very important to check the Milan municipal website for the specific rules regarding your car type.

Florence

• The ZTL covers the entire historic center, making it one of the most restrictive zones in Italy.

• Unauthorized vehicles are prohibited from 7:30 AM to 8:00 PM (Monday–Friday) and from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM (Saturday).

• Hotel guests must inform their accommodation to avoid fines.

Naples

• Naples has multiple ZTLs, especially in the Centro Storico and Chiaia districts.

• Restrictions vary, with some areas being 24/7 restricted.

• Many streets also have limited access to non-residents.

Turin

• The ZTL Centrale operates from 7:30 AM to 10:30 AM (Monday–Friday).

• Electric vehicles are often exempt from restrictions.

Bologna

• The ZTL covers the entire historic center and is monitored by cameras.

• Access is restricted from 7:00 AM to 8:00 PM (Monday–Friday).

• Permits are available for hotel guests and residents.

Venice

• Venice itself has no ZTL for cars since it’s a pedestrian city.

• However, Mestre (the mainland area) has restrictions, especially near Piazzale Roma.

• Parking in Mestre and taking public transport to Venice is recommended.

What to Do If You Receive a ZTL Fine

If you unknowingly drive into a ZTL and receive a fine, you can either pay or appeal it. Fines are typically sent to the vehicle owner’s address, even for rental cars (the rental company will charge you). If you believe the fine was issued incorrectly, you can contest it through the local Prefecture or Giudice di Pace (Justice of the Peace), though this process requires paperwork and sometimes legal fees.

Final Tips

• Always double-check signs when driving in a new city.

• If renting a car, ask the rental agency about ZTL policies.

• Use public transport or park in designated areas outside ZTL zones.

* Please note that the ZTL times mentioned in this article may change over time. It is advisable to check the city municipal website for the most up-to-date information.

 

If you need help with your citizenship process, language courses, or general expat life in Italy, email us at info@expatslivinginrome.com.

 

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For those looking to buy a home in the country, the diversity of regions and cities offers a variety of options to suit different lifestyles, from bustling urban centers to peaceful countryside escapes. Whether you’re drawn by Italy’s art, food, or slower pace of life, the following cities stand out as top destinations for expats looking to invest in real estate.

1. Milan: Italy’s Financial and Fashion Capital

 

 

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As the country’s economic powerhouse and global fashion hub, Milan is ideal for expats seeking a dynamic urban lifestyle. It’s Italy’s most modern city, with an impressive infrastructure, multinational corporations, and a buzzing cultural scene. The real estate market in Milan is competitive, with demand driving property values higher than the national average. Expats can expect a blend of modern apartments, historic buildings, and luxury real estate.

■ Why buy here? Milan’s economy remains robust, offering plenty of job opportunities for expats in sectors like finance, fashion, technology, and design. The city’s efficient transportation network and proximity to other European capitals also make it a convenient base for international professionals. While property prices can be high, especially in central areas like Brera and Porta Nuova, neighborhoods like Navigli and Isola offer more affordable options with a lively atmosphere.

2. Rome: The Eternal City

 

 

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Rome combines centuries of history with modern Italian life, offering an irresistible mix of cultural attractions and a bustling metropolis. As Italy’s capital, it’s a popular destination for expats working in government, diplomacy, or international organizations. Buying property in Rome means investing in one of the world’s most famous cities, where ancient ruins stand next to contemporary developments.

■ Why buy here? Rome’s property market is diverse, ranging from luxurious apartments in the city center to more affordable homes in suburban areas. Expats can enjoy a cosmopolitan lifestyle while living amidst iconic landmarks like the Colosseum and Vatican. Prices in the historic center and affluent neighborhoods like Parioli are higher, but districts such as Trastevere and San Giovanni offer charming properties at a lower cost, perfect for expats seeking a blend of modern and traditional living.

3. Florence: The Cradle of the Renaissance

 

 

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Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance, is a city that exudes art, culture, and history at every corner. Its compact size makes it easy to navigate, and it offers a slower pace of life compared to Milan or Rome. Florence’s real estate market is particularly attractive to expats looking for historical homes, be it apartments in centuries-old buildings or villas in the surrounding Tuscan countryside.

■ Why buy here? Florence is ideal for art lovers and those who value cultural immersion. It offers excellent educational institutions and a high standard of living, making it popular with expats seeking both personal and professional enrichment. While real estate in the historic center can be pricey, suburbs like Scandicci and smaller towns around Florence provide more affordable housing options with easy access to the city.

4. Bologna: Italy’s Culinary Heart

 

 

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Often referred to as “La Dotta” (the learned one) for its prestigious university, “La Grassa” (the fat one) for its food, and “La Rossa” (the red one) for its left-leaning politics, Bologna is a vibrant and intellectual city with a high quality of life. It’s less touristy than cities like Florence or Venice, which adds to its appeal for expats who want to experience a more authentic Italian lifestyle.

■ Why buy here? Bologna’s central location in Italy makes it an excellent base for those who want to explore other regions. It’s a hub of innovation, education, and culture, drawing expats working in academia, engineering, and gastronomy. The real estate market is affordable compared to larger cities, with a mix of modern apartments and historic buildings. Popular neighborhoods for expats include Santo Stefano, which offers charm and history, and Saragozza, known for its family-friendly vibe and green spaces.

5. Turin: A City of Industry and Innovation

 

 

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Turin, located in the Piedmont region, is an industrial city with a rich historical background and a forward-thinking economy. Once the heart of Italy’s automotive industry, Turin has transformed into a hub for technology, innovation, and culture. The city is home to various international businesses and is growing in popularity among expats due to its affordability and vibrant cultural scene.

■ Why buy here? Turin offers great value for money compared to cities like Milan and Rome. Expats can find affordable real estate in its elegant boulevards and charming neighborhoods. The city offers a high standard of living, with plenty of green spaces, excellent schools, and proximity to the Alps for outdoor enthusiasts. Areas like Crocetta and San Salvario are popular with young professionals and families, providing a mix of history, culture, and modern amenities.

6. Trieste: Italy’s Hidden Gem

 

 

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Tucked away in the northeast corner of Italy, near the Slovenian border, Trieste is a lesser-known city with a cosmopolitan atmosphere and a stunning waterfront. Historically a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the city offers a blend of Italian, Slavic, and Germanic influences. Its unique culture, combined with a slower pace of life and lower cost of living, has made Trieste an attractive option for expats looking for an off-the-beaten-path destination.

■ Why buy here? Trieste is known for its literary heritage, beautiful seafront, and café culture. Property prices are significantly lower than in cities like Milan or Rome, making it an affordable option for expats who want to enjoy coastal living. Neighborhoods like Barcola and Città Vecchia offer a range of housing options, from modern apartments to historic homes. The city’s proximity to Central and Eastern Europe also makes it a strategic location for those working in international business.

7. Naples: Italy’s Vibrant Southern Capital

 

 

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Naples is one of Italy’s most vibrant and chaotic cities, known for its rich history, passionate culture, and world-famous cuisine. It offers expats a truly authentic Italian experience, with a more affordable cost of living than northern cities. Naples’ real estate market is diverse, offering opportunities for buyers to invest in anything from coastal homes with views of the Bay of Naples to historical apartments in the city center.

■ Why buy here? Naples is a great option for expats who want to live in a lively, culturally rich environment. Property prices are relatively low compared to cities like Rome and Milan, making it an appealing option for expats on a budget. Popular areas for buying include Chiaia, a chic waterfront district, and Vomero, a hilltop neighborhood with stunning views of the city and the sea.

Italy’s diverse cities offer expats a range of options, each with its unique appeal and real estate opportunities. Whether you’re drawn to the fast-paced lifestyle of Milan, the historic allure of Florence, or the affordable charm of Trieste, Italy has something to offer everyone. Understanding the local real estate market, lifestyle, and property values in each city is essential to making a smart investment decision. With careful research and the right approach, expats can find their perfect home in one of Italy’s beautiful cities.

We can guide you through the entire process of finding and purchasing your ideal property in Italy. Send an email to legal@expatslivinginrome.com and schedule a FREE call to discuss how we can help you.

Here’s what you need to know to stay compliant and drive legally in Italy including basic information about  insurance requirements, and vehicle registration process.

Driving in Italy as an Expat

If you have a valid foreign driving license, you may be able to use it for a limited time, depending on your country of origin. Here are the general rules:

• EU/EEA Licenses: If you hold a driving license from an EU or EEA country, it remains valid in Italy. However, after residing in Italy for two years, you are required to convert it into an Italian license.

• Non-EU Licenses: If you come from a non-EU country, you can use your foreign license for up to one year from your official residency date. After that, you must obtain an Italian license, which may require taking both a written and a practical driving test.

• International Driving Permit (IDP): If your license is not in Italian, you should obtain an IDP before arriving in Italy. This is required for non-EU license holders driving in Italy temporarily.

Car Insurance in Italy

Car insurance is mandatory in Italy, and driving without it can lead to severe fines and legal consequences. The minimum required coverage is RC Auto (Responsabilità Civile Auto), which covers liability for damage to third parties. Additional coverage options include:

• Comprehensive Insurance (Kasko): Covers damage to your own vehicle in addition to third-party liability.

• Theft and Fire Insurance: Protects against vehicle theft or fire damage.

• Roadside Assistance: Useful for breakdowns or accidents.

When purchasing insurance, consider getting quotes from multiple providers. Rates vary depending on factors like vehicle type, driving history, and residency status.

Registering a Car in Italy

If you own a car or plan to buy one in Italy, registration is a crucial step. Here’s what you need to know:

• Buying a New or Used Car: New cars must be registered at the Motorizzazione Civile (Italian DMV), while used cars require a transfer of ownership through the Automobile Club d’Italia (ACI).

• Required Documents: You’ll need a codice fiscale (Italian tax code), proof of residency, ID, and insurance policy.

• Fees: Registration costs vary, including taxes, administrative fees, and insurance costs.

Getting Italian Plates

If you bring a foreign-registered car to Italy, you must switch to Italian plates within a certain timeframe:

• EU Cars: You have six months from the date of establishing residency to register the car in Italy.

• Non-EU Cars: Registration is required immediately upon obtaining residency.

• Failure to Comply: If you don’t re-register your vehicle on time, you risk fines and potential vehicle confiscation.

 

Have you recently started driving in Italy as an expat? Share your experiences or ask questions in our Facebook group.

 

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The Italian Police (Polizia di Stato) has activated a new online system called “Prenota Facile” to help streamline appointment bookings for specific types of permesso di soggiorno (residence permit) applications that are not processed through the traditional postal kit system.

This portal allows you to book an appointment with the Immigration Office (Ufficio Immigrazione), providing details on the exact date, time, and location for your appointment.

Who Can Use “Prenota Facile”?

This system is currently available for booking appointments related to the following types of residence permits:

• Conversion of a subsidiary protection permit to a work permit (subordinate/self-employed).

• First issuance of an electronic residence permit for asylum seekers after a positive decision.

• Issuance of electronic residence permits for Subsidiary Protection and Special Protection (Art. 32, para. 3, D.lgs. 25/2008).

• Residence card for family members of EU citizens (who are not nationals of an EU member state) – mobile (Art. 10 D.lgs. 30/2007).

• Residence permit for family members of Italian citizens – static (Art. 23 D.lgs. 30/2007).

• Residence permit for medical treatment (Art. 19, para. 2, letter D-bis, D.lgs. 286/98).

• Residence permit for pregnancy (Art. 28 D.P.R. 394/99 and Art. 19, para. 2, letter D, D.lgs. 286/98).

• Permanent residence card for family members of EU citizens (non-EU nationals) – mobile (Art. 17 D.lgs. 30/2007).

• Residence permit for minors requiring assistance (Art. 31, para. 3, D.lgs. 286/98).

• Residence permit for British citizens benefiting from Brexit rights (Directive 2004/38/EC).

• Paper-based residence permit for asylum applications.

• Residence permit for pending appeals (Art. 35 D.lgs. 25/2008).

• Travel document for refugees/stateless persons and travel title for foreigners.

How Does It Work?

The portal generates an appointment with all the necessary details: the Immigration Office you need to visit, the date, and the time of your appointment. This aims to reduce uncertainty and waiting times, making the process smoother for applicants.

Why This Matters to Expats

For many expats, navigating Italy’s immigration system can be challenging. The launch of the “Prenota Facile” portal is a significant step towards making the process more accessible and transparent. Whether you are applying for a residence permit for medical treatment, pregnancy, family reasons, or adjusting your status after Brexit, this system can help you secure your appointment more efficiently.

Stay informed on the latest immigration updates in Italy and community resources—subscribe to our newsletter.

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Italy’s main international gateway, Rome Fiumicino Airport, is now one of the most pet-friendly airports in Europe, thanks to the introduction of two dedicated services for dogs: the luxurious Dog Relais hotel by Fly Le Dog and multiple Pet Areas within and around the terminals. Whether you’re departing, arriving, or leaving your pet behind during your trip, Fiumicino ensures your four-legged companion is well cared for in comfort and safety.

Dog Relais: The First Dog Hotel Inside an Italian Airport

Located within the airport grounds, Dog Relais is Italy’s first-ever in-airport dog hotel — an innovative and high-end solution for travelers who can’t bring their pets on board. Designed for both short and long stays, this facility is all about comfort, well-being, and peace of mind.

What to Expect at Primo Dog Relais:

• Luxurious Lodges: The Relais boasts 40 available lodges, built with high-quality wood, offering both indoor and outdoor spaces.

• Standard Lodges: These provide a 4 sqm indoor area and a 10 sqm outdoor area (covered and uncovered). They include a fabric cushion, climate control, and an automatic water dispenser.

• Double Lodges: Designed for up to four dogs (depending on size), these feature an 8 sqm indoor area and a 20 sqm outdoor space, along with the same amenities as the Standard lodges.

• Premium Lodges: For an exclusive experience, Premium lodges offer a 4 sqm indoor area and a 10 sqm outdoor space, a leather cushion, climate control, an automatic water dispenser, a video call system, aromatherapy, and a day of SPA treatment.

• Optimal Comfort & Stimulation: All lodges feature radiant panel climate control, automatic water dispensers, and a piped music system playing at 432Hz. This specific frequency is believed to facilitate subtle communication, relax animals, reduce stress, aid in separation anxiety, and even improve sleep.

• Stay Connected: An innovative video call application allows you to stay in touch with your pet, providing peace of mind during your travels.

• Daily Care: All accommodation options include daily cleaning services and, if needed, medication administration.

Additional Services (Bookable Separately):

• Aromatherapy: Relaxing treatments with essential oils to reduce stress and anxiety.

• Grooming & Toilette: Comprehensive hygiene services, including hair cutting and general cleaning.

• Teeth Cleaning: Oral hygiene services to prevent dental issues.

• Arnica Massage: A 45-minute massage with arnica to relax muscles.

• Dog Shuttle: A convenient service for pick-up and drop-off of your dog within the airport premises if you cannot reach the facility.

Daycare Services:

Beyond overnight stays, Fly Le Dog also offers a comprehensive daycare service for your dog. Open Monday to Friday from 7:30 AM to 6:30 PM, the daycare provides a safe and stimulating environment. Dogs have access to a vast 1000 sqm outdoor area, divided into green spaces where they are organized by size and temperament. An indoor area is also available for play and rest during inclement weather.

Useful Information for Primo Dog Relais:

• Operating Hours: Monday to Sunday.

• Check-in: From 6:00 AM.

• Check-out: By 10:00 PM.

• For specific information, pricing details, or alternative hours, it is recommended to contact the facility directly.

Location of Primo Dog Relais:

The Dog Relais is conveniently situated at Via Antonio Zara within the Long-Term Parking area of Fiumicino Airport.

• Directions from A91 Rome-Fiumicino Motorway: Follow the “Cargo – Parcheggio Lunga Sosta” exit. Upon entering the parking area, follow the internal signage directly to the Dog Relais entrance.

• Parking Options: If you choose to leave your vehicle in the easy Parking Long-Term parking (which can be reserved on the airport’s website in the parking section), you can reach the terminals via the free Parking Shuttle, operating every 5 minutes.

• Complimentary Parking for Drop-off/Pick-up: For those who prefer to park elsewhere, the Dog Relais offers two hours of complimentary parking to facilitate a relaxed check-in process for your dog.

Pet Areas at Fiumicino Airport: For Traveling Pets

Understanding the need for dedicated spaces for pets and their owners, Fiumicino Airport has established several Pet Areas throughout its terminals. These spaces are designed to provide a comfortable and convenient spot for your animal companions during your journey.

Current Pet Area Locations:

• Terminal 3 Arrivals (Sterile Area): One pet area is located near baggage claim carousel 14.

• Terminal 1 (Schengen Area & Arrivals): New pet areas are available for both departing passengers from Pier A (Schengen area) and arriving passengers near the baggage claim. To access these areas, you will need to use an intercom and demonstrate you are accompanied by an animal.

• Terminal 3 Arrivals (External): An outdoor pet area is accessible by exiting Gate No. 2 of Terminal 3 Arrivals, heading towards the Kiss&Go parking lots on Via Generale Felice Santini. This area is open and usable by all, with posted rules at the entrance gate.

These dedicated pet areas provide a much-needed service for travelers with animals, offering a place for pets to stretch their legs and relieve themselves before or after a flight.

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